Bacterial conjugation

When trying to figure out the cellular morphology and arrangement the T-streak method is used to get isolated colonies from a sample of a bacteria. To begin the process a petri plate which has a layer of agar is divided into three sections in a T form. When preforming an experiment aseptic techniques are used between each step, therefore you flame the loop before and after every step. A sample is taken from a culture with an inoculated loop, then is spread in the top section of the plate in…

Within a medical setting, a biopsy can be performed and analyzed rapidly without relying on the growth of bacterial cultures. In part one of this experiment, our skills and reagents were tested by following our Gram stain procedure on known species of bacteria. The species tested were Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Moraxella…

to improve the quality and shelf life of food to prevent food poisoning, from S. aureus from occurring. One of these antimicrobial is Nisin, which is a peptide produced by strains of Lactococcus lactis subs. latis. It has the ability to kill of bacterial cell by interfering with their basic energy transduction at the cytoplasmic membrane (Xingchen, et. al…

After part 1, the experimenters found two things about the Bacteria: First, that the bacterium was bacilli (rod) shaped. This was determined by viewing individual cells through a microscope at 400x power. Secondly, that the bacterium was most likely a Gram-stain-negative because it appeared to be a pink color after gram-staining. This had several implications: The experimenters now knew the bacteria’s cell wall composition, its outer membrane composition, peptidoglycan concentration, outer…

Also learned in this lab were methods on how to inoculate an agar or broth medium, and using aseptic techniques. Lastly, how to use stains to visualize bacterial cells, or distinguish different types of cells from one another through the usage of dye techniques such as the Gram-stain test was learned. II. Prepping/Mounting/Simple Staining Bacterial Cells Procedure: 1. Obtain 3 glass slides that are free of any foreign matter. 2. Place one drop of water on the slide. 3. Touch an inoculating…

These special strains possess an inherent tetracycline resistance from the insertion of a “marker” 2’ upstream or downstream from a targeted gene. These tetracycline marked strains possess the same genome as wild type strains, and thus through conjugation can transfer a tetracycline resistance. The particular strain used in this experiment was the wild-type CV1437 non-pathogenic E.Coli that has an innate resistance to…

4. There are many processes that bacteria use to survive. The key to their survival is their ability to genetically diversify. Bacterium diversity has had many years to develop. Bacteria were some of the first organisms on earth, and have developed many means through which they can adapt to changes in their environments. The first way bacteria can become genetically diverse is through mutations. A mutation is a process that changes a DNA sequence. This change can be passed on to future…

Conjunction Conjugation is the course by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct interaction. It can be defined as the direct transfer of DNA form one bacterial cell to another bacterial cell. The donor is F+ and the recipient is F-. they are attached through a conjugal bridge. The pilus then attractions the two separate bacteria together. Now, the donor bacterium transfers genetic material to the recipient bacterium. During the process of conjugation, one of…

discoveries in history, principally because they have turned bacterial infections which were once the leading cause of death, into controllable conditions.[1, 2] These molecules inhibit the reproduction, prevent vital processes occurring, or destroy the bacterial cell wall to aid in fighting infectious diseases.[3, 4] Antimicrobial therapy is one of the foundation stones of modern medicine, and without effective antimicrobial therapies to limit bacterial infections many modern medical procedures…

many prokaryote species have been discovered? How many are estimated to exist? Scientists have discovered 10 000 prokaryotic species but estimate that about 90 000 more exist. What is a pathogen? Are all bacteria pathogenic? List some examples of bacterial diseases. A pathogen is a bacteria or virus which causes disease, but not all bacteria are pathogenic.…