Ardipithecus

Reading Response to White et al.: Ardipithecus ramidus and the Paleobiology of Early Hominids. In the article, Ardipithecus ramidus and the Paleobiology of Early Hominids, by Tim D. White et al. , the Ardipithecus ramidus specimen ARA-VP-6/500 from the Aramis vertebrate paleontology locality 1 (ARA-VP-1) expedition is examined in depth. The ARA-VP-1 is located in the Middle Awash and expands into the Central Awash Complex (CAC) with different localities, numbered from 1 up. The Middle Awash and CAC are important because the Middle Awash has been dated from the Late Miocene to the Pleistocene, and the CAC has been dated with strata from about 5.55 to 3.85 million years ago. The article has an in-depth description about the site locality. Including…

Ardipithecus ramidus was around 4.4 mya. They were located in Ethiopia. Their appearances included a skull, teeth postcranial bones found. Although, they still have small brains. Their femur and pelvis made it possible for bipedalism. The shape of their body gives it a helpfully way for them to be bipedal. The centrally placed foramen magnum allows for them to stand a bit straight. Also, the pelvis was bowl shaped and there was a show of lumbar lordosis. Although, they still had longer arms…

The great Ardipithecus radius (Ardi) was alive on earth around 4.4 million years go. Ardi lived in Eastern Africa where they lived in Eastern Africa and lived in the forest. Also Ardi were known as strict “omnivores”. Lastly, the brain of Ardi’s was about 300 to 1500 cubic centimeters and walked up right like humans (bipedal). Autralopithecus Afarensis (Lucy) was alive on earth around 3.2 million years ago. Lucy lived in Africa where they lived in wet and dry environment typically wooden areas…

insight of our ancestors. Ardipithecus fossils were a crucial find to the field of archeology, which created new suggestions concerning features that associated them with modern Homo sapiens and primitive apes. The structure of the Ardipithecus has provided information which separates…

Introduction        As time has passed by, the size of the cranium changed. With that being said, the size of the cranium changed in result of better nutrition. On another note, the width of the pelvis changed as well. In that case, the width of the pelvis changed in result of its bipedality. Therefore, bipedality determines whether or not a genus homo can walk, run, as well as their ability to create tools in order to survive. Ardipithecus ramidus…

The position of the foramen magnum, the length of the leg, the shape of the spine and pelvis are four of the seven steps of bipedality. The position of the foramen magnum is located in the bottom of the skull, near the teeth in humans, and in the rear area for apes. This distinguish humans and apes because it demonstrates that the human head sits on the body rather than on the front of the body, like apes. The shape of the spine is s-shaped for humans and c-shaped for apes. Specifically, in…

Bipedalism and Environmental Adaptability Bipedalism as general definition, is the ability of all types of animals standing in two feet. The environmental Adaptability is the way to get used to a habitat and weather. Both of them played an important role in the evolution of modern humans. According to the book “Worlds Together, Worlds Apart” by Robert Tignor, describes the advantages of bipedalism and the environmental adaptations that allowed modern humans to live into two different…

Majungasaurus was an average sized (compared to it’s close relatives) theropod dinosaur that lived in Madagascar from 70 to 66 million years ago, at the end of the Cretaceous Period. Like other abelisaurids (members of the family Abelisauridae) , the Majungasaurus was a two-footed predator with a short snout. Although the forelimbs are not completely known as of yet, they were very short, while the hind limbs were longer and quite stocky. It can be distinguished from other dinosaurs in it’s…

Human Evolution For many years people have wondered how the human evolution started and why are we different from other species. Science brings us to new knowledge of how humans evolved in this world and the transition of apes to humans. The Human family tree starts from the Ardipithecus groups about 6 million years ago, the next one is Australopithecus group is about 4 million ago, the third one is paratroops group is about 3 million years ago and the last one is the homo groups is…

At some point between apes and Ardipithecus, a mutation must have occurred that allowed bipedalism to become a reproductive advantage (Kottak, 2015). Gene flow is the exchange of genes between populations (Wilreker, 2016). Gene flow and interbreeding allowed the favorable trait of bipedalism to spread and multiply. Genetic drift is the change in gene frequencies as a consequence of random variation rather than natural selection (Wilreker, 2016). Individuals within the population without the…