Ardipithecus Ramidus

Ardipithecus ramidus was around 4.4 mya. They were located in Ethiopia. Their appearances included a skull, teeth postcranial bones found. Although, they still have small brains. Their femur and pelvis made it possible for bipedalism. The shape of their body gives it a helpfully way for them to be bipedal. The centrally placed foramen magnum allows for them to stand a bit straight. Also, the pelvis was bowl shaped and there was a show of lumbar lordosis. Although, they still had longer arms compared to modern humans. Their foot also showed a bit of difference, rigid, abducted hallux allowing to grasp which gives an idea of them holding on to being arboreality. They still had curved phalanges but they no longer knuckle-walking. (Flower 2016). …show more content…
They were in Africa and Asia. Their appearances were smaller, flatter face and robust brow ridges with a smaller set of teeth. They also had less sexual dimorphism because of the lack of demonstration of large teeth or differences between the males and females. They no longer had arboreal traits. They had new adaptations for running. There were things like cooling mechanism which had endurance has a nose external nose. There reduction of body hair and an increase of sweat. (Flower 2016) They were the first to leave Africa. This allows them to be ecologically flexible. There are theories like extrinsic, spreading of African habitats and animals, or intrinsic. (Flower 2016)They lived in groups. This indicates H. erectus had a way of communicating with their own people. Especially, H. erectus began to use tools and were leaning for hunting. One of these hunting tools were biforal tools which were hand axes and havers. They were flexible tools for people to use. As well as, using fire to cook their food. This had many benefits that H. erectus were communicating more. There were more calories for them to consume and allow for their brain to expand. These adaptations sound amazing yet stomachs became …show more content…
The features Homo sapiens included gracile skull and bodies. They had smaller or absent brow ridges. They had high and round cranium with a forehead which leads to very flat and small faces. H. sapiens also had small teeth and jaws but they had an obvious jaw. One of the reasons we are gracile is because of niche construction from cultural adaptation. (Flower 2016). Also, H. sapiens bodies make it easier for us to walk. There are consequences such as giving birth because of how narrow the hips are developed. Many features humans’ behavior showed new tools, materials, symbolic language. Communication started to have a meaning and become complex and express. There has been evidence of them using shelters for them to travel in other places. H. sapiens were migrating to different locations. There is no indicative of arboreality. They used less of their back teeth made possible for it to reduce the size of their teeth. They became more depended on tools. They transition to more of a lifestyle of hunting and cutting animals by using multiple tools. Not only on huge animals but aquatic creatures. Most of the time Homo sapiens eat anything although there can be adaptions such as drinking