Locomotion

In the article “How do you learn to walk? Thousands of steps and dozens of falls per day”, experimental research was done to find an answer to how infants learn to walk. Previous research was conducted on this topic, but it did not show anything about how much or how far infants walk, how often they fall, what makes them continue walking after falling, and how these abilities change with development. Researchers have simply focused on the structure of postures from a crawling to an upright walking position and the regular steps of infants on open grounds where they have to use natural locomotion, or the natural ability to move. This process is known as periodic gait. The experiment does not have a specific hypothesis because learning mechanisms…

Bipedalism and Environmental Adaptability Bipedalism as general definition, is the ability of all types of animals standing in two feet. The environmental Adaptability is the way to get used to a habitat and weather. Both of them played an important role in the evolution of modern humans. According to the book “Worlds Together, Worlds Apart” by Robert Tignor, describes the advantages of bipedalism and the environmental adaptations that allowed modern humans to live into two different…

It all started in the high school cafeteria in July. A boy named Carmen and his girlfriend were eating a ham sandwich at a table. And then they noticed a pack of bullies going towards them and they went up to them and said “Hey” “What do you guys want from me? Going to steal my girlfriend huh?” Carmen questioned. One of the bullies said “Pshhhh...No” Carmen questioned “Ok so what are you going to do then huh?” Another bully yelled “WE WILL STEAL YOUR LUNCH MONEY SO YOU CAN’T EAT LUNCH…

Bipedalism is one of the Big six events that happened in evolution of humans becoming what we are today. Bipedalism means standing, walking lifting on two feet rather than walking on four feet like the other apes in our Apes category. To understand why humans walk using bipedalism anthropologist must look into the past. One of the most significant fossil for evidence of bipedalism is a fossil named “Lucy”. Lucy was found in Easy Africa. She is an adult female that stood at about three and half…

The position of the foramen magnum, the length of the leg, the shape of the spine and pelvis are four of the seven steps of bipedality. The position of the foramen magnum is located in the bottom of the skull, near the teeth in humans, and in the rear area for apes. This distinguish humans and apes because it demonstrates that the human head sits on the body rather than on the front of the body, like apes. The shape of the spine is s-shaped for humans and c-shaped for apes. Specifically, in…

Locomotion is the movement of a body from one place to another. There are various ways in which species of organisms in the 9 major phylum classes of the kingdom Animalia adapted unique muscle systems and how they use them. A phylum class includes organisms that are different but share important characteristics that resulted from evolutionary relationships among major groups of animals that allowed organisms to adapt in terms of the way they locomote. The Phylum Porifera is made up of sea…

1999; Curry 2006; Pearson and Lieberman 2004; Swartz 1989). In order to accomplish those tasks, the skeletal system must have the capability to both withstand and successfully respond to internal and external pressure (Pearson and Lieberman 2004; Swartz 1989). Specifically, stature and weight, in relation to positional behavior, are understood to be the fundamental sources of stress (Hamrick 1996; Swartz 1989). In turn, those causes of strain arguably have a strong influence upon the primary…

functions, which include voluntary motor control, procedural learning, eye movements, and even emotional functions. Among its many essential functions, one of its most vital roles is the crucial part that it plays in locomotion by contributing to the automatic control of movements and to regulate voluntary control processes.1 The basal ganglia contribute to locomotion through muscle tone inhibition, which is regulated via excitatory cortical input and inhibitory basal ganglia input.2 Most of the…

response, in this case, the act of walking. Basal ganglia are also responsible for voluntary locomotion. It requires the knowledge of the body’s position in space (where am I walking to) and what movement should be made (should I walk) and the ability to hold the plan in memory long enough to carry it out. Cerebellum plays an important role in motor control. It does not initiate movement but it helps in precision, coordination and accurate timing…

The Evolution in Primate Locomotion and Body Configuration One of the most important parts of the primate evolution is when the primates changed in body structure and locomotion. Although some may say that the origin of the human bipedalism is a persistent mystery (Gebo 1996); however, the evolution of bipedalism began in order to survive through climate changes, be able to hunt their food and get away from danger in order to survive. Primate locomotion can be classified into four major types:…