Aldosterone

usually means that the pet will live a long happy life with treatment. This drugs is called desmopressin acetate, or DDAVP. This form can be mistaken for other diseases that also block ADH, like Cushing's disease, hypercalcemia, high levels of aldosterone, or low levels of potassium(Becker, 2012). If it is Nephrogenic, then drugs are used to help the kidneys. This form is much harder to deal with. It needs to be watched carefully. The drugs used help the kidneys accept the ADH…

reduction in preload and afterload. These drugs increase vasodilatory effects causing reduction in blood pressure. Risk factors include diabetes, more than 70 years of age and co-administration with other agents that affect the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) such as ACE inhibitors and beta blockers (O’Donovan, 2014). Beta blocking agents is another example of anti-hypertensive drugs. The immediate effect is to reduce systolic blood pressure by 20 (mmHg) millimetre of mercury.…

Hypertension (primary/essential) is one of the most common diseases diagnosed today. Hypertension is a major risk factor in cardiac heart disease, including myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. Hypertension is also an independent risk factor for the development of stroke and renal failure. A person with hypertension has double the risk of developing cardiac heart disease than those who have normal blood pressures. What is primary/essential hypertension? It is a systolic blood…

failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (NYHA Class II, EF 40%) are controlling symptoms, preventing hospitalization, preventing mortality indefinitely. The recommended medications to use include diuretics, ACEI or ARB, beta blockers and aldosterone antagonists. CD currently takes furosemide and lisinopril for chronic heart failure. He has no symptoms for edema, so the furosemide dose is suitable. Based on the guideline, a beta blocker is indicated because he has chronic heart failure…

Liver failure, caused by things such as hepatitis and cirrhosis, leads to an array of symptoms including cardiorespiratory insufficiency (hepatopulmonary syndrome; HPS) and renal failure (hepatorenal syndrome; HRS). Disregarding the cause of liver failure itself, discuss the development of both of these symptoms. Hepatopulmonary Syndrome Figure 1: Blood Flow in Normal Conditions and Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (Grace & Angus, 2013). Figure 1 (above) shows the blood flow in a normal patient (top),…

cortex and adrenal medulla. The adrenal cortex is the external part of the part of the gland and it releases hormones important to life, for example, cortisol, responsible for regulation of metabolism and helping the body respond to stress and aldosterone which is responsible for controlling blood pressure. The adrenal medulla is the internal part of the gland and it produces the adrenaline responsible for the body's reaction to stress. This hormone responds quickly to stress by rushing blood to…

colloidal osmotic pressure in BV → fluids escape to interstisial spaces→ decreases blood volume→ kidneys retain water and sodium→ increase in hydrostatic pressure, excacerbating portal hypertension and ascites formation). and the accumulation of aldosterone contribute to fluid accumulation. Care of the patient is currently focused on pain relief and on improving…

Pathophysiology In metabolic syndrome many organs are affected due to malnutrition, stress and inactivity. With all these factors playing a part the body has different ways of trying to protect it self, that in turn can cause more harm than good. Abdominal obesity, insulin resistant, hypertension, and chronic cortisol release are results of the factors which contribute to metabolic syndrome. Abdominal Obesity A high consumption of calorie dense food and lack of physical activity are…

The dilated cardiomyopathy is a progressive and chronic disease of the heart muscles, the most common type of cardiomyopathies, occurring mostly in adults 20 to 60, more common in men, usually starting in the heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle), the muscles of the heart starts to stretch and to become thinner leading consequently to enlargement inside the chamber of the heart and can spreads to the right ventricle and then to the atria (Bhf.org.uk, 2017). When the heart chambers dilate…

Advances in health care have seen an increase in life expectancy globally and though people are living longer, they are not living without complications: as seen in the elderly who currently make up the largest age group. There is increasing prevalence of hypertension with age, and is a precursor for illnesses such as CVA, coronary heart failure, kidney disease and dementia (Porth, 2017). Hypertension is an amendable condition through a variety of ventures (Brito, 2014) and it might be in the…