Aldosterone

disease and to prevent progression from one stage to the next. However, in cases of CRS the outcomes for these patients are very poor due to one disease process exacerbating the progression of the other (Shiba & Shimokawa, 2011). Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) amplification resulting in the initiation of oxidases by angiotensin II (AT-II) in either the kidneys or the heart, aggravates inflammation in the other (Bock & Gottlieb,…

Introduction of Patient My patient is Freda Wilson, a 64-year-old Caucasian female who resides in Shawnee, Kansas with her husband. Mrs. Wilson is 5’5” tall and weighs 148 pounds, has two adult children, and is a relatively healthy individual. Mrs. Wilson and her husband spent five days in Oklahoma babysitting their grandchildren, two boys – one and three years old. Within 24 hours of returning home, Mrs. Wilson had a headache, felt fatigue, and later in the afternoon spiked a fever in excess…

It has been already stated that the definite causes of essential hypertension (which accounts for 95% of conditions) are not known, but it is associated with a number of factors that might increase that patients probability of developing hypertension like, age, obesity, insulin resistance (diabetes), high alcohol intake, high salt intake (especially in salt-sensitive patients), and sometimes sedentary life style, stress, low potassium and calcium intake can cause hypertension, also, high blood…

Electrolytes affect the amount of water in your body, the acidity of your blood (pH), your muscle function, and other important processes. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, and others that are critical in allowing cells to generate energy, maintain the stability of their walls, and to function in general. They generate electricity, contract muscles, move water and fluids within the body, and participate in other activities.The concentration of electrolytes in the body is controlled by…

The anatomy of a human exists as an extremely complex and complicated phenomena. Although human anatomy primarily falls under biology, it also incorporates various characteristics from other sciences including chemistry. Among these characteristics, lies the relationship that exists between acids and bases for the functionality of the body. Therefore one can conclude that, acid-base reactions affect the human body through its role in the digestive, urinary, and respiratory system while also…

Medical conditions are bound to increase due to change in lifestyles. One of the life threatening conditions is heart failure. The heart is a muscular structure that pumps blood to all parts of the body. Heart failure results when the heart fails to pump enough blood hence increased overload. The pathophysiology occurs as a result of increased workload on the left ventricle especially in patients with hypertension. This leads to enlargement of the muscles; enlarged muscles lack sufficient oxygen…

into angiotensin I and again further catalyzed into angiotensin II. The renin-angiotensin system plays a huge role in the regulation of blood pressure because angiotensin II stimulates the adrenal cortex which tells the body to produce aldosterone. The hormone aldosterone tells the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of water and sodium ions to in turn increase blood volume which will further increase blood pressure. This is…

insufficiency – primary and secondary. Primary adrenal insufficiency, also known as Addison’s Disease, is a condition in which the adrenal cortex is destructed, usually by the individual’s immune system, resulting in hyposecretion of both cortisol and aldosterone. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is linked to a lack of Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), which leads to hyposecretion of cortisol in the adrenal cortex. Secondary adrenal insufficiency is more commonly seen in overtrained athletes…

Catecholomines will be activated to stabilize the cardiac output. They increase heart rate and PVR, or afterload. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system will increase preload and after load. However, Angiostensin II also facilitates ventricular remodeling which will further perpetuate the problem; this can decrease cardiac contractility and cause ventricular dilation. Insulin resistance can…

CASE STUDY 1 1. The cardiovascular system consists of the following- Blood – It is a red color fluid in the body. Heart – It is also called the control center of our body. It pumps and collects blood to and from the various parts of our body. Blood vessels – Blood vessels are path through which transport medium circulates in our body. 2. The functions of cardiovascular system are as follows- Transportation- It transports blood to all the parts of body. The blood delivers oxygen and nutrients…