Adrenal cortex

Adrenal insufficiency so called Addison Disease is an endocrine condition defined as the inadequate production or action of glucocorticoids, principally a steroid hormone called cortisol. The adrenal insufficiency is a rare condition in childhood, but it carries the risk of adrenal crisis in the event of a child becoming unwell as a result of intercurrent illness, injury or surgery. Pathophysiology The adrenal glands have many functions contributing to homeostasis in the body. This is one of the…

endocrine system negatively affecting the rest of the body are as follows. Addison disease caused by the destruction of the Adrenal Cortex results in Adrenocortiroid deficiency messing up the balance of salts, Vitamin K and, water in the body. This disruption causing skin darkening, salt cravings, Hypoglycemia, low blood pressure and, weight loss. Adrenal Adenoma or an Adrenal Tumor may result in the overproduction of Cortisol (Cushings), Aldosterone (Aldosteronism) and, Androgens. Cushings…

exhibited an increase in D2 receptor binding and decrease in D3 binding in the accumbens nucleus. Chronic stress lowered the density of D2 receptors.In some experiments, the prefrontal cortex eliminates dopamine in animals that are chronically stressed. This has been found to be an adaptive response by the prefrontal cortex. Subcortical and the post cortical structures control behavior because of high D1 receptor stimulation during stressful situations. Because of this, stress may be able to…

Cushing’s Syndrome is an endocrine disorder caused by elevated levels of cortisol in the body. The endocrine system is made up of several different glands which produce hormones that regulate various functions of the body. The adrenal glands, located at the top of each kidney, are responsible for the production of cortisol. Cortisol is essential in the regulation of blood pressure, and cardiovascular function. Cortisol also aids the body’s stress response, and helps to metabolize proteins,…

indicated multiple findings. A mass was found during the CT scan, located on the adrenal gland; the adrenal gland is located on top of the kidneys, their function is to help in burning proteins and fats. This is how the adrenal gland keeps the blood pressure under control and regulates the normal flow of blood to the body (McLeod, 2008). There are mainly six major conditions that are associated when a mass is found in the adrenal glands. A condition called Paraganglioma also known as Para, and…

phosphorus by stimulating the transfer of calcium from bone to blood, and inhibiting bone formation and by increasing calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion in the kidney. 4. Mineral corticosteroids such as aldosterone are secreted by the adrenal…

It is now well established that the brain and the gut are engaged in constant bi-directional communication. Most individuals are made aware of such communication when alteration in gastrointestinal function is communicated to the brain bringing about the perception of visceral events such as nausea, satiety, and pain or when, in turn, stressful experiences lead to altered gastrointestinal secretions and motility. The mechanisms which allow communication between the central nervous system (CNS)…

Extra if needed Diagnosis of PAI initially involves blood assay for elevated ACTH and plasma renin activity (PRA) with decreased serum cortisol and aldosterone, DHEAS [1, 2]. Exclusion of other autoimmune conditions and imaging of the adrenal glands completes diagnostic testing and results [3]. Diagnostic Testing and Results Optimal levels of serum cortisol and plasma ACTH are simultaneously measured early morning between 8-9am, in healthy individuals the serum cortisol levels can range…

Case Study: Clinical Biochemistry investigation into Addison Disease Introduction A fifteen year old male presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with his mother in St. Vincent’s University Hospital (SVUH) on the 8th September 2017 with suspected Addison disease (AD). On initial examination he was found to have severe abdominal pain and prolonged vomiting. Other symptoms could include fatigue, myalgia, weight loss and salt craving (Brooke & Monson, 2017). Laboratory Investigation and Results…

primary organ involved in this is process is the adrenal medulla (Everly & Lating, 2013). Next, at the time of this publication, researchers had identified that the dorsomedial amygdlar complex as the utmost point for which the fight or flight response occurred (Everly & Lating, 2013). Originating there, neural impulses subsequently travel to the hypothalamic region, then the thoracic spinal cord, convene at the celiac ganglion, and then inhibit the adrenal medulla (Everly & Lating, 2013).…