Adrenal cortex

INCREASE FUNCTIONING OF PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND LONG-TERM MEMORY As children grow older, they begin to use “rules” in order to solve problems, play games, and interact in society. The prefrontal cortex plays an important role in retrieving the rules that govern a child’s behavior (Bunge 118). As a child grows up throughout middle and late childhood, their prefrontal cortex begins to function as a guide to the basic rules of the human life. The prefrontal cortex “processes the information about…

right away, it sends nerve signals down to the spinal cord to the adrenal glands. This tells them to release the hormone called adrenaline. Once this adrenaline is released, it raises a person's blood pressure and increases your heart rate. The hypothalamus brings signals to the pituitary gland near the bottom of the brain. This tells the brain to release factors that have traveled through the bloodstream and stimulated the adrenal cortex to make a stress hormone called cortisol. Stress has many…

About one in every 100,000 people are affected by a rare endocrine disorder called Addison’s disease. It occurs in all groups and affects both sexes. In fact, Addison’s disease is often called chronic adrenal insufficiency, or hypocortisolism (Robinson, 2015). Our body produces cortisol by the adrenal glands, which are located just above the kidneys. As part of the endocrine system, the glands produce hormones that give instructions to every organ and tissue in the body. It is an important job…

“I’m so stressed” is a widely used phrase, said by many students and professionals alike who have a lot to manage in their busy lives. However, many people do not realize the mental and physical implications of stress. In Chapter 13 of Invitation to Psychology, 5th Ed., by Carol Wade and Carol Tavris, the physiology and psychology of stress is examined, along with various ways to cope with stress in our everyday lives. By understanding the body’s physiological responses of stress, we gain a…

which are only secreted by the adrenal cortex and sex glands (Herlihy, 2014). They attach to tissues or organs, which are known as targets (Herlihy, 2014). These targets are receptor cells, which are either external and located on cell membranes or internal, within the cell (Herlihy, 2014). There are many glands throughout the body, with the main glands being the, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, thymus gland, adrenal gland, pancreas and the gonads…

normally regulates cortisol production, is the number one cause of too much cortisol. It is the most common cause and type of Cushing syndrome. It usually occurs from excess production by one or both adrenal glands, or overproduction of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn stimulates the adrenal glands to make more cortisol. When this form of the syndrome develops, it's exclusively called Cushing disease. Although mostly seen in women, Cushing’s disease can affect nearly…

Diseases of the Cell Assignment: Heart-Hand syndrome & X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy Heart-Hand Syndrome is also known as Holt-Oram Syndrome, where individuals are born with skeletal abnormalities of hand and arms (upper limbs) and heart problems due to the mutation of HOS1into the TBX gene. TBX gene plays a role in controlling growth of bone in the hand and arm. Also, TBX is present in chromosome 12. The symptoms include: missing thumbs, long thumb that looks a like a finger, partial or…

regulatory processes have been identified in both animal studies and cross-sectional studies in humans (Gladwin et al., 2011). Specific structural changes have been noted in the frontal cortex and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in adolescents who binge drink. Developmental problems in the frontal cortex and HPA axis may result in the disruption of inhibition, motivation, and attention, resulting in alcohol dependence in adulthood and potentially contributing to additional…

The results of the experiment showed a significant change in plasma glucose and serum cortisol concentrations of the sheep that were administered insulin which validates the hypothesis of the experiment. Glucose does not readily penetrate cell membranes as cell membranes are composed of phospholipids and glucose is hydrophilic and lipophobic due to the hydroxyl groups (Klein, 2013). Insulin, the major hormone that controls plasma glucose concentrations, increases the permeability of the liver,…

was elevated at 150 mEq/L, and potassium was low at 3.0 mEq/L. An MRI revealed a pituitary tumor. He was diagnosed with Cushing’s Syndrome. Cushing’s Syndrome is serious condition where there is an excess amount of the hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and gonadocorticoids circulating in the blood (Timby, 2014). This imbalance can be caused by pituitary tumor secreting too much adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). When there is an excess…