Zone of proximal development

social interaction and communication with other children and adults. “Vygotsky’s most influential concept is that of the ‘zone of proximal development’ (ZPD) which highlights the potential for future learning which can be realized with appropriate support.” Vygotsky (1978) Where Piaget looks at what children are unable to currently do compared to his 4 stages of development, Vygotsky draws attention to what the children are unable to do and the steps that need to be put in place in order to…

Molecular control of adult neurogenesis in the human subependymal zone Adult neurogenesis The generation of new functional neurons from multipotent neural stem cells, termed neurogenesis, has been shown to persist in many mammalian species in two regions of the adult brain: the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subependymal zone [SEZ, also subventricular zone] adjacent to the lateral ventricles [1, 2]. Lower levels of neurogenesis have been reported in other regions of…

of these theorists believed that social interaction is important and played an irreplaceable role in cognitive development. Piaget believed that the development of thought and language is influenced by learning from others, where Vygotsky believed social interaction was instrumental cognitive development. Both theories see teachers as a facilitator and guide in education and development, but not…

• Case Study 1 Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) discusses how the microsystems that children are part of, such as family and school, play a large role in their development by experiencing physical, social and symbolic features, however the immediate environment requires a sustained structure for more complex development and interaction for the child (p. 39). In this situation, Zach’s drastic range of emotions from sudden outburst of conflict to crying is a clear indication of his confused emotions,…

literacy development together at same time. The foundation for literacy and numeracy competencies are built in early childhood. Research shown children has better intellectual outcomes in school when they attend preschool or ECEC earlier in their life, therefore, it’s important to support children to develop these skill at early age (Edwards et al., 2003; Sims, 2013). Children’s intellectual/cognitive…

In the constructivist classroom, the focus shifts from the teacher to the students. Students are not empty vessels, which are filled by teachers but instead the students are actively involved in their own process of learning. Piaget’s cognitive development theory (1970) comprises of four main stages namely the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational stages. Each stage concentrates on a specific age group of the learners (Shroff, 2015). Sensorimotor stage…

his parents, then the child would not repeat the certain behaviour imitated. However if there is an approval from authorities (external feedback) and the presence feeling of the approval (internal feedback) which are positive, this would help the development of the child’s new behaviour. After that, the child would decide and observe on the consequences of certain behaviour that the he wants to acquire. Then the subject does the identification of the model with the specific behaviours which…

explore my current career path in this field. Developmental psychology is a sub-field of psychology that began in the late 19th century due to an increased interest in the development of children. Two relevant developmental psychology theories are Lev Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory and Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of Development. Developmental psychologists utilize various research methods such as observation and archival research to help them answer questions and gain a better…

Scaffolding is the appropriate assistance given to students in order to aid them in achieving what alone may have been too difficult for them; it is using previous knowledge and experience to support the learning or new information. It is essential in all classrooms, for all students, but it particularly important for ELL students as they are not only absorbing new academic information but a new language as well. Scaffolding makes input more comprehensible but also serves to decrease the fear or…

The reduced capacity of Bonnie’s fine motor skills is a troubling matter, for both her personal life and academic success. While educators and parents cannot speed up the process of development, they can support children through various methods, helping them strengthen and increase their learning and development. The educator’s response to Bonnie’s situation would not only further hinder her delays by not giving her the experiences she needs to develop but also through the confidence and…