Zone of proximal development

to attain their goal ( Lantolf& Pohner, 2004, p. 54). The decision of which DA approach best fit a particular context needs to take into consideration whether the main focus is on the learners’ abilities and the goal of optimally promoting their development. 2.2.4.1 Interventionist DA A quantitative DA puts a quantitative interpretation on ZPD. Pohner (2008) states that defining characteristic of the interventionist DA is use of “standardized administration procedures and forms assistance in…

Cognitive development is the process of the mental activity within the human brain. This involves the method of thinking, memory and perception. Oakley (2004, p.2) states that ‘As a child develops, their thinking changes’. In this essay, I will compare and contrast two cognitive theories in child development and define how these theories might be applied by professionals working with children and families. Piaget and Vygotsky are both cognitive theorists. They established that cognitive…

Piaget based his theory around cognitive development and states that the needs of the whole child must satisfied. He focuses on studies of mental processes which include how people perceive, think, learn and remember. He focused on the constructive perspective, in which, he sees learning as a construction (Dahl, 1996, P.2). Piaget saw children as little scientists and he stated that an active child requires knowledge through self-evaluation and they use what they have previously learnt to form…

from several theorists in important fields. One kind of this theories is the Lev Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory of learning. According to Vygotsky's theory, the mental development of language thought, and the reasoning process gets developed through interactions and social relationships. This, therefore, means that the development of an individual gets influenced by culture and environment (Gee, 1991). Vygotsky is the belief that the mind, language, and the reasoning process cannot just happen…

Cognitive and neurological development refer to the development of the mind. Between birth and the age of 5 years, babies’ and children’s brains will undergo the most rapid changes. It is a time of rapid cognitive, linguistic, social, emotional and motor development (UNICEF, 2001). Oakley (2004) states that the word cognitive comes from the Latin word cognoscere, which means to know. Therefore cognitive activities all the psychological processes and activities involved in thinking and knowing.…

approaches: game-based learning, constructivism, inquiry – based learning, collaborative learning, and discovery learning. The approaches are based on the sound educational pedagogy namely, multiple intelligence theory, cognitive development theory, zone of proximal development, and brain – based learning. Howard Gardner (1983) Theory of Multiple Intelligences is one of the most noted educational pedagogy because it has become a foundation of numerous arising…

ecological system of the child. Moreover, sociocultural theory emphasises the importance of social interactions and cultural practices as being instrumental in cognitive development and children learning specific attitudes and behaviours (Nolan & Raban, 2015). A key feature of sociocultural theory is Vygotsky’s zone of proximal development, where children are supported by an adult or more knowledgeable other to scaffold learning (Kearns, 2010).…

Week 4: Sociocognitive development Describe examples of scaffolding in your experience (as a learner or a teacher). Sociocognitive development occurs mostly through child's social interaction with parents, teachers, peers and other knowledgeable members of the world (Vygotsky 1978,1987, cited O'Donnell et al., 2013, p. 115). Hence, guidance learning utilising scaffolding will assist learning and development (Woolfolk and Margetts, 2013, p. 99). Scaffolding is the method by which educators use…

map and organizational strategies to teach vital process skills, students gain a solid foundation for the habits of mind utilized by professionals in the field of zoology and the discipline of science as a whole. It is this method of curricular development that ensures quality and authenticity of content, provides students with discipline-relevant knowledge and understanding, and employs materials and…

sand out of a bucket two feet above the ground, to make sand castles, would watch and scaffold. The adult would provide guidance and support to the contemporary level of capability of the boy. However, if an adult supporting Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory, saw the four-year-old boy doing the same thing, they would have to show him figuratively or illustrate symbolic play. For example, the adult would have to model by building a sandcastle through the boy's perception. Children from the…