Viral load

and droplet transmission, resulting in multiple etiologies such as rhinovirus, coronavirus, and other viral origins. Patients may present exhibiting the following symptoms including sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, fever, dyspnea, thick and increased colored sputum production, headache, rhinorrhea, and/or fatigue. Most of this is due to the immune system triggering a response to an irritant/viral infectant. Most commonly URTIs can be treated with nasal decongestant, cough suppressant, and…

Patients with AIDS often have significant comorbidities, the most common of which include HBV, HCV, and tuberculosis Antiretroviral regimens should be initiated promptly to reduce HIV viral load and should be customized to the drug resistance of the virus, presence of comorbidities, and interactions with existing…

incubation period for gonorrhea usually is shorter than that of nongonococcal urethritis. Human immunodeficiency virus patients, gonorrheal infection may also dramatically increases shedding and transmission of HIV, possibly through an increase of the viral load in the semen or cervico-vaginal fluids. An underlying N. gonorrhoeae infection or other symptomatic STI in the recipient may also cause elevated number of CD4 lymphocytes to be available for the HIV infected patients (Levine, W. C et al…

of pathogenic microbes. Any disease cause by microorganisms is called infectious disease.8 Viruses damage the host cells by disrupting the metabolic system of the cells and also destroy the cell when they burst out through the cytoplasmic membrane. Viral diseases are common cold, influenza, Ebola, measles, rubella, AIDS to name a few. Pathogen bacteria release toxins and cause diseases, for instance Vibrio cholera release toxins that cause cells to pump out ions and water by active transport so…

SARS Outbreak Emerging and reemerging infectious diseases have become a burden to the public health system around the world and kill more people than any other single cause (Arias, 2010). With the heightened economic interdependence of countries and increased travel around the world, the emergence of new infections and reemergence of the ones that have occurred before continues to pose a public health challenge. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome…

Contrary to what one would expect based on the title of her book, The Forever Fix: Gene Therapy and the Boy Who Saved It, Ricki Lewis pens a narrative science focused on the milestones in the history of gene therapy, not just one success story (Lewis, 2012). Corey Haas, the boy who regained his vision after being sentenced to a life of blindness, is only one of the medical miracles mentioned; the book also devotes itself to presenting the theory and procedures behind gene therapy. As a…

after. It is noted that even after treatment, HIV positive individuals still had the poorly informed stigmatism of HIV being a death sentence and false medical information used against them. Even with the discovery that those with an undetectable viral load, spitting, and biting have low percentage of passing it on, it was still used in court that they were intentionally spreading a “death sentence”. Now convicted, they face harsh punishments and long…

only once or twice. (AIDSmeds editorial team, 2015, para. 1) If treatment adherence is not maintained, drug resistance to the medications prescribed can occur. The goal of the treatment regimen is to stop the replication of the virus and keep the viral load (amount of HIV in the body) as low as possible; to prevent further progression of the virus and the higher chance of transmitting the disease to others. By missing pills or not taking the medication exactly how it is prescribed, the infected…

have many roles in viral infection, including virus attachment to cells, entry into cells, release of the capsid contents of the cells, and packaging of newly formed viral particles. The capsid and envelope are responsible for transfer of the viral genetic material from one cell to another. These structures, moreover, determine the stability characteristics of the virus particle, such as resistance to chemical or physical inactivation." Moving on to the (tegument), this is a load of proteins…

preventative education, easily accessible treatment, and support. A recent study by a working group on modeling of antiretroviral therapy monitoring strategies studied sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Philip et al. (2015) wanted to determine if viral-load informed differentiated care would be a cost effective HIV treatment that…