TERMINOLOGY
CLINICAL CLARIFICATION
Advanced stage of immunosuppression caused by the HIV virus 4
Characterized by abnormally low CD4+ T cell count {1 month in duration), or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis
Invasive cervical carcinoma confirmed by biopsy
Lymphoma {Burkitt, immunoblastic, or primary central nervous system)
Disseminated or extra pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
Disseminated or extra pulmonary histoplasmosis
Progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML)
HIV-related encephalopathy
Chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis (>1 month in duration)
Chronic intestinal isosporiasis, (>1 month in duration)
Pulmonary or extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Recurrent (nontyphoid) Salmonella septicemia
HIV wasting syndrome (involuntary …show more content…
Although clinical presentation is often varied and nonspecific, majority of patients present with fever, fatigue, myalgia, rash, and headache within 4 weeks of HIVexposure. Patients with AIDS may show signs of opportunistic infections
HIV-1/2 immunoassay and HIV RNA tests are used to confirm the presence of HIV infection, and CD4+ T lymphocyte testing is used to confirm the CDC classification of AIDS
Patients with AIDS often have significant comorbidities, the most common of which include HBV, HCV, and tuberculosis
Antiretroviral regimens should be initiated promptly to reduce HIV viral load and should be customized to the drug resistance of the virus, presence of comorbidities, and interactions with existing …show more content…
Viral loads and adverse events should be monitored throughout therapy to ensure virologic response, and antiretroviral therapy should be modified if virologic failure occurs
Adverse effects are common with antiretroviral therapy and include spontaneous bleeding, skin conditions, renal and hepatic effects, hypersensitivity reactions, osteoporosis, and cardiac events
The majority of patients with AIDS who receive treatment are still alive 3 years after AIDS diagnosis
URGENT ACTION
Hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir require urgent medical attention because they can result in death within several hours of onset 13
PITFALLS
HIV RNA viral load testing can detect HIV 11-12 days after acute infection, but HIV antibodies usually take approximately 21 days to detect; therefore, viral load testing should be repeated with ELISA within 4-6 weeks of acute infection
CLINICAL CLARIFICATION
Advanced stage of immunosuppression caused by the HIV virus 4
Characterized by abnormally low CD4+ T cell count {1 month in duration), or bronchitis, pneumonitis, or esophagitis
Invasive cervical carcinoma confirmed by biopsy
Lymphoma {Burkitt, immunoblastic, or primary central nervous system)
Disseminated or extra pulmonary coccidioidomycosis
Disseminated or extra pulmonary histoplasmosis
Progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy (PML)
HIV-related encephalopathy
Chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis (>1 month in duration)
Chronic intestinal isosporiasis, (>1 month in duration)
Pulmonary or extrapulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Recurrent (nontyphoid) Salmonella septicemia
HIV wasting syndrome (involuntary …show more content…
Although clinical presentation is often varied and nonspecific, majority of patients present with fever, fatigue, myalgia, rash, and headache within 4 weeks of HIVexposure. Patients with AIDS may show signs of opportunistic infections
HIV-1/2 immunoassay and HIV RNA tests are used to confirm the presence of HIV infection, and CD4+ T lymphocyte testing is used to confirm the CDC classification of AIDS
Patients with AIDS often have significant comorbidities, the most common of which include HBV, HCV, and tuberculosis
Antiretroviral regimens should be initiated promptly to reduce HIV viral load and should be customized to the drug resistance of the virus, presence of comorbidities, and interactions with existing …show more content…
Viral loads and adverse events should be monitored throughout therapy to ensure virologic response, and antiretroviral therapy should be modified if virologic failure occurs
Adverse effects are common with antiretroviral therapy and include spontaneous bleeding, skin conditions, renal and hepatic effects, hypersensitivity reactions, osteoporosis, and cardiac events
The majority of patients with AIDS who receive treatment are still alive 3 years after AIDS diagnosis
URGENT ACTION
Hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir require urgent medical attention because they can result in death within several hours of onset 13
PITFALLS
HIV RNA viral load testing can detect HIV 11-12 days after acute infection, but HIV antibodies usually take approximately 21 days to detect; therefore, viral load testing should be repeated with ELISA within 4-6 weeks of acute infection