Speciation

Over the last five hundred thousand years, Chimpanzees have undergone speciation resulting in four subspecies within Pan troglodytes, the common chimp, a species of the great ape. There are four subspecies related to the Pan troglodytes: the West African Chimp (P. t. verus), the Nigeria-Cameroon Chimp (P. t. ellioti), the Central Chimp (P. t. troglodytes), and the Eastern Chimp (P. t. schweinfurthii). Here is the scientific classification of the Common Chimpanzee: the kingdom is Animalia, the…

1. Introduction. Ernst Mayr identifies the ‘One Long Argument’ in The Origin of Species (“Origin’) as a compound theory of two independent activities: modification over time and diversification in geographical space (Mayr 86). This paper will focus on the second element of Darwin’s compound theory, species diversification in geographical space as argued by Jerry Coyne in Why Evolution is True. My thesis is twofold: First, Coyne incorporates Darwin’s geographical space theory into four…

Introduction Epigenetics, “above-genetics” is concerned with the mechanism that underlies developmental processes and canalization that are neither necessarily transmitted nor brought about by changes in the DNA sequence in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. At the cellular level it focuses on the developmental process that leads to cell determination and cell differentiation (Jablonka & Raz, 2009). Narrowly defined, epigenetics refers to the scientific approach concerned with changes in the…

Some examples of macroevolution include the impact that mass extinctions have on the diversity of life, the appearance of terrestrial vertebrates through speciation, and the basis of key adaptations. An example of this is flight in birds. Another example of macroevolution is a species named Primula kewensis, which came into existence because of the crossbreeding of two hybrid primrose species, Primula verticillata and Primula floribunda. Sedimentary rocks We do not know the actual, or…

Scientists classify organisms by grouping and sorting organisms together based on their physical structure, evolutionary relationships, embryonic similarities, genetic similarities, and their biochemical similarities. The most popular form of classification system used by scientists is Linnaeus’s System of Classification, by which organisms are classified and grouped into 6 different kingdoms; bacteria, archaea, protista, fungi, plant and animal. By classifying organisms it provides scientists…

Evolution is a scientific theory that has been developed over years which is defined as “any genetic change in population that is inherited over several generations” (Bailey, 2015). For an event to be classified as evolution, changes on the genetic level of a population and be passed on has to occur. Evolution includes that all life can be traced back to one ancestor, being that all life is connected. (Bailey, 2015). The scientific theory of evolution was proposed by Charles Darwin in his book…

Ciminelli and Osseo-Asare, 1995; Lowson, 1982). Anderson (1951) reported 26 kJ/mol in the study of oxidation kinetics of galena (PbS) while Stenhouse and Armstrong (1952) reported an activation energy of 20 kJ/mol for the alkaline oxidation of pyrite. Koslides and Ciminelli (1992) suggested that during alkaline oxidation of sulphides, there is a change from chemical (activation energy > 40 kJ/mol) to diffusion (activation energy < 40 kJ/mol) control as the rate determining step when…

Prompt 1 One of the greatest and most renowned biologists of all time, Charles Darwin, wrote a fantastic novel The Origin of Species. The Origin of Species begins with an extraordinary image of existence as coexistence. Darwin describes this through the process of how multiple beings rely on each other for survival. Morton describes this as, “Water and air are like hair and feathers. Living and nonliving beings become the medium in which other beings exist.” (Morton 61) He also goes on to say,…

Escape and radiate coevolution necessitates the development of a trait or traits in one of the interacting species which provides an extreme advantage over the other and results in its rapid speciation into multiple lineages. The evolution of a particularly effective defense mechanism may render a species effectively immune to predation for a period of time, until a predator species counter-adapts in response, allowing for adaptive radiation…

Measurable Outcomes 1. Describe and demonstrate knowledge of modern evolutionary synthesis, natural selection, population genetics, micro and macroevolution, and speciation. I learned about the speciation of animals in Module 3 and in Module 4 I learned about modern evolutionary synthesis, natural selection, population genetics, and mirco and macroevolution. I was able to learn all this information due to the chapter 46 and chapter 47 notes, the online textbook, and the PowerPoint notes. This…