Speciation

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    species as it prevents speciation but causes diversity by combining two different gene pools. It decreases the differences between the two groups but inhibiting the creation of daughter species due to lack of barrier. Another effect of variation among a population is the genetic drift. This is when the frequency of different genotypes in a small population is altered due to disappearance of some genes due to random chance. The founder effect and the bottleneck effect also contributes to change in allele frequency. The founder effect is when individuals become isolated and forms a new population that is different to the original population. The bottle neck effect is caused by a sudden change in the environment which suddenly diminishes the magnitude of the population. Due to chance, certain alleles are more common in the survivors than others. Populations with decreased variation results in reduced survival and fertility of offspring as they are all closely related. Inbreeding also increase homozygosity which means disadvantageous phenotypes of recessive alleles can be expressed. Through variation, outbreeding is promoted so favourable heterozygote combinations are produced and the survival rates of progeny are increased as they are fertile. Callosobruchus chinensis, adzuki bean beetle, were produced by full sib mating and had 8% lower survival than beetles produced by unrelated mating (Harano, 2010). Origin of diversity between species Speciation causes a population of…

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    Simpatric Speciation

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    This article caught my eye in the first place because it reminded me of the apple magot fly simpatric speciation that we have studied and understood quite clearly in class. My first response to the whole simpatric and allopatric speciation was clear and it seemed to me that the apple maggot fly speciaton proved this concept. However simpatric speciation with the jays are considerably more unexplanitory, complicated, and as the article indicates, "weird". Katie Langin is the biologist in this…

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    Sympatric Speciation

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    scale changes occurring over paleontological time periods. To be specific, current understanding on speciation arising from the concept of reproductive isolation and the gradual evolution of the reproductive isolating mechanisms helps one to appreciate the biological species concept. If two species share a common ancestor and are completely different, their allele frequencies has changed over time A phylogeny arranges the species in order to reflect the relatedness by descent from a common…

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    Allopatric speciation is when a physical barrier separates a population, forcing it to diverge into two separate species. For example, the formation of the Grand Canyon caused the inhabited squirrels to diverge, as this newfound geographic isolation forced this originally single population into separate species because the individuals could only breed with those in their same location. Peripatric speciation still carries out the same separation from a physical barrier as with allopatric, but one…

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    Speciation is a process in which organisms within a population evolve to become a new species over time. Charles Darwin believed that eventually a single species will split off into two different populations, becoming two new species. Some of the speciation modes are allopatric and sympatric, and polyploidy is a mechanism of speciation. Allopatric Speciation Allopatric speciation is a common mode of speciation in which a population of a single species becomes divided, geographically isolating…

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    SPECIATION AND ADAPTATION Speciation is the evolution of biological species this is according to the Sage’s English dictionary and thesaurus. It is the continuous change in the genes of an existing specie until a formation of the new specie arise altogether. It is a result of two specie groups ceasing to share allele such that the genetic differences grow to the point of speciation. Many scientists have come up with different theories in an attempt to define and explain speciation, though…

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    The Homo Floresiensis

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    Speciation is how new species are made which involves a form of isolation (Lewis et al., 2013, p. 103). It also is about the divergence of genetic information between two species that once were the same but they separated and were unable to reproduce with one another and over time as they evolved they become genetically different due to these conditions (Lewis et al., 2013, p. 103). An important for of isolation is geographical isolation when there is a geographical barrier (Lewis et al., 2013,…

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    Next, the examples used by Jerry Coyne follows Darwin’s theory of the six points of evolution, gives the scientific method to prove the origins of all living organisms, and I will explain speciation, common ancestry, and natural selection. As has been mentioned, speciation is the third point in the evolution theory, and is used to explain the vast diversity of species in the world. To resume, speciation is when one common ancestor splits into separate versions of the one common ancestor. The…

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    Fowler and Levin are showing how important it is to understand and know the population size for polyploidy. “Analyses confirms that the polyploidy does often equal speciation.” Speciation isn’t easy going into this process though. In research, they say that speciation can happen more than once and that studying three groups of new species can trace back to polyploidy, showing how common this can actually be. Another thing being studied is consequences of duplication in for how the genes will…

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    others adapted. In addition, there are too many similar or same traits that would not be parsimonious if they evolved multiple times for each of the different ancestors of the groups. 3. As discussed in class, explain the roles of r vs. k selection in the evolution of marine mammals. (2 points) R-selection allows evolution and adaptation to occur in shorter periods of time in comparison to K selection because r-selected groups have a shorter generational time and produce a larger number of…

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