common in the Neotropics; and poorly understood phylogenetically and ecologically. However, Diapriidae parasitoids in the same genera are known to parasitize both Cyphomyrmex and Trachymyrmex (Formicidae: Attini). The parasite wedge theory suggests speciation occurred in parapatric populations from parasitoid pressures. This theory is rooted in the geographic mosaic theory of coevolution, which has shown that populations of species interacting with other species, can lead to the coevolution of…
“All the arguments to prove man's superiority cannot shatter this hard fact: in suffering the animals are our equals.” states Peter Singer, as he speaks for animal liberation. Surely that makes sense? The debate is on whether or not animals are of the same or of a lesser moral importance than humans, wearying many people who have been bombarded with all the viewpoints. Yet, the situation is, for me very simple: if we are foolish enough to believe that any animals other than humans are not as…
population to breed or feed, which impacts the occurrence of gene varieties. Pollen is an example as it is carried by insects or through the wind to other populations. “Migration limits the genetic divergence of populations and so impedes the process of speciation” (Wade 2005).…
The Eupleridae are small, furry, cat-like creatures that live in Madagascar. Molecular studies show that the euplerids evolved from one ancestor that most like rafted from main land Africa 18-24 million years ago. The reason for the speciation is not confirmed, but it could be because of different geographical regions. Some common traits between them is their slender bodies, they all feed on insects, and they all have fluffy tails. Narrow Striped Mongoose: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata…
Common progenitor model and heterogeneous progenitor model were proposed to explain this differential paradox. This paper aims to resolve the uncertain lineage relationship between the two differentiated cells and identify the basis for the fate of speciation. Hypothesis 1: pMN progenitor fate is biased by the position of the cell within the pMN domain. Experimental Approach: Transgenic olig2:EGFP;actb2:mCherry donor embryos cells were transplanted into stage-matched wild-type hosts.…
Ground squirrels are among the most intensively studied groups of mammals (Harrison et al, 2003) and generally classic subjects for research on variations in life-history traits and population dynamics (Hoffmann, 2002; Miche ner, 1998; Oli et al, 2001). They are small- to medium-sized animals that spend much of their lives in extensive burrow systems (Nowak, 1991; O¨ zkurt et al., 2005) and are obligate hibernators during seasons with low ambient temperatures and poor foraging conditions…
now catered for that. For example different sized and shaped beaks that suited what food sources they have readily available to them on the island. Due to the isolation they have become their own species now unable to interbreed due to allopatric speciation. Darwin’s Finches can also rapidly adapt the size and shape of their beaks to cater for the wet and or dry conditions that cause a variation from the normal supply of food available. This variation in food is caused by the climatic…
in species as they branch away from common ancestors, but they also like to identify those characteristics that remain common to both. This serves the dual purpose of showing evolution-in-action, while also demonstrating the subtle ways in which speciation can occur. Although, some postmodernists may not follow this theory, they are more accepting of this as there is scientific backing, rather than…
Toxicology Profile; Arsenic Basic Chemistry Introduction Arsenic is an abundant naturally occurring element with an atomic number of 33 and an atomic weight of 74.92 g. Although strictly a metalloid, arsenic is commonly referred to as a ‘heavy metal’ and can be found within group 4 of the periodic table. It should be noted that most of the other elements within this group have a biological role, but arsenic itself is a toxin (see section 1.x). Some additional chemical properties of elemental…
Cloud forests, distributed throughout mountainous regions of Central and South America, Africa, and Southeast Asia, are complex ecosystems characterized by low fog cover at the canopy level, which enhances moisture levels, and cooler temperatures than lowland tropical rainforests (Doumenge, 1995). These tropical montane forests are host to an incredible number of species, many of which are endemic to their area (Doumenge, 1995). Epiphytes, plants that root in other plants for structural support…