Silicon dioxide

Fig. 6 shows the results of air permeability, total water absorption, and voids. R mortars had lower permeability than the mortars with WTS. Air permeability of R was 1.13 x 10-13 m², a value 5 times higher than L60. The air permeability increased with increasing WTS content. The water absorption values ranged from 10.6% to 13.7%, and the voids from 9.6% to 12%. The results show that WTS replacement increased the porosity and permeability of geopolymer mortars. The geopolymer binders with WTS and the additional RHA became the mortars more consistent and difficult to mix and mold, and the entrapped air remained in the mortars. Fig. 7 shows the capillary water absorption. The higher the WTS content in the mixture, the lower the capillary water absorption. R mortars had the highest capillary water absorption values for all studied times. The results of R, L15, L30, and L60 after 24 hours were 16.1 kg/m², 12.2 kg/m², 11.4 kg/m², and 9.9 kg/m², respectively. Immediately after the capillary test, the specimens were broken and the internal faces showed the height of the maximum capillary internal rise. The average penetrations measured in the specimens were: 78.0 mm (R), 58.5 mm (L15), 50.3 mm (L30), and 34.0 mm (L60). The results show that R mortars had more capillary suction than mortars with WTS. According to Pavía and Treacy (2006), smaller the dimensions and more connected the pores, more evident are the capillary effects. The results of capillary tests show that the pores in…

3.4. Ternary systems MgO-SF-QF (MgO-SiO2-Quartz fillers) 3.4.1. Effect of crushed quartz filler on water reduction The idea of adding crushed quartz filler to M-S-H binder is inherited from replacement of Portland cement with quartz filler to improve the rheology of cement paste [25] due to the less water absorption and smooth texture of finely ground quartz particles. Fig. 9 described water reduction effect as adding crushed quartz filler (QF) to MgO-SiO2 binary system to maintain a fixed flow…

Being a relatively new element when compared to many other known elements, Germanium has only been documented element since 1886. It has little to offer in the way of health benefits, but it still remains a useful element. Chemical Properties Germanium is the thirty-second element in the periodic table represented with the symbol Ge. It is located in the fourth period under group fourteen. Along with other elements like Silicon and Arsenic, Germanium is a metalloid. As a metalloid, Germanium…

In fact, those who pursue wealth -- even if they do so successfully -- are generally less happy than those who do not pursue wealth. What is the cause and effect relationship between pursuing wealth and unhappiness? Interestingly, it is not materialism which causes unhappiness directly, but that unhappiness and materialism are mutually reinforcing mechanisms. He notes that people who have experienced true deprivation are those who, later in life, are the most materialistic -- for example,…

Semiconductor devices have transformed the way that we live by making tasks easier and more efficient than before. By utilizing the opinions of different professionals in the field about their affect on society, I want to investigate the different aspects of semiconductor devices. The question of will the accumulation of both the positive and negative outputs of the semiconductor industry lead to the need of advancing technology that is independent of the semiconductor. This is important to me…

sizes are getting bigger again to accommodate more powerful processors and circuitry. Well, a research team from Stanford University has recently developed an electronic chip that is only 3 atoms thick (Choi, 2016). This could revolutionize circuitry considering silicon is the main component to microchips (transistors) and scientists have reached a point where they cannot make it any smaller. However, to determine the practicality of this new discovery, one must look at three different criteria:…

index n, complex dielectric function ϵ, and reflection and absorption coefficients R and α) of materials are of great importance for optical metrology in the semiconductor industry.1,2 A high-performance complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor process flow with 11 layers of metal requires about 75 photolayers and may contain up to 100 thickness measurements, most of them performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry.3 This technique has been described in various books with increasing levels of…

being announced. It was very early on and the purpose of that was to just find out about what this Silicon Image culture and it quickly became apparent within Silicon Image, their siting culture, and so now we are fast forwarding two years, and now it is Silicon Image, in Lattice and SiBEAM within this new big merged company. Chris: Yeah. Interviewer: James was giving me the update on what has been happening generally in the group, but one of my curiosity’s has been the culture of the SiBEAM…

Electronic materials is very useful in today 's world, they can be used almost in all field. There are a lot of electronic materials produced every day, like semiconductor, Piezoelectric and ferroelectric materials, magnetic material etc. This lab is more concentrate on the electronic resistivity with the changing of annealing time. And XRD can help people figure out the grain size of the sample, and find the rule of the electronic resistivity with the changing of annealing time. Introduction…

A novel synthesis method to prepare Si3N4 nanowires from the amorphous silicon nitride (a-Si3N4) powder synthesized by low-temperature vapor-phase reaction method was investigated. Highly crystallized α-Si3N4 nanowires were synthesized from the heat-treatment of a-Si3N4 powder under ammonia atmosphere. The surface of the nanowires was smooth and clean without any attached particles. The thickness of the nanowires was in the range ~200–300 nm with the lengths of tens of micrometers. The…