Reinforced concrete

however attractive his building may appear in other respects”. Art is particularly subjective, so in any other realm, art and science are often in opposition, however Architecture fuses the two together to form “productive space with the tangible realities of gravity, material properties, and assembly sequences” (Schwartz 2016, 24) and tectonics establishes methods for this to be possible. Light is invited inside a structure to give it a sense of space, life, emotion, and a connection to the outside, and gives the appearance of light, floating structures. Fig.1 shows a diagrammatic example of the lightweight construction that tectonics uses. In contrast, stereotomic structures are largely solid mass constructions, comprising of stone, bricks, concrete, blocks, and rammed earth, and prevent or restrict light from entering. They are heavy and exert considerable compressive forces, and attempting or seeming to “belong to the earth” (Baeza 2009, 276), transmitting loads continuously through the form. The diagram in fig.2 demonstrates the type of compressive load that stereotomic structures use. Often built for longevity or due to locally available materials, stereotomic structures are built for functionality with minimal emotive influence. Stereotomic buildings, with their dense brick or stone walls, yearn for light through minimal vertical openings, windows and cuttings, and once inside is imprisoned. Baeza (2009, 284) highlights methods used historically in Romanesque…

A beam bridge or known as a girder bridge, is a bridge structure that consists of horizontal beams spanning supported by pillar at each end of the deck. The weight of the beam including the structure itself, plus any load it carries are supported by the downward force into the pillars. The beam bridge works on the principles of compression and tension, where on top of the bridge bends, it undergoes compression and at the bottom it is subjected to a horizontal tension. Therefore, the bridge must…

tutor-specified scenarios Concrete is used for foundations as when compressed, concrete can suffer extremely high compressive stresses before any type of cracking of failure occurs which makes it an ideal substance for supporting large masses such as buildings. Concrete will also be less prone to movement. Also concrete can be made in a large variety of strength depending on the required resistance of the foundation by the amount of the sand and gravel used when mixing, the amount of water and…

Design and implementation of an Electronic system for identification of rebars in reinforced concrete. Abstract- In this paper non-destructive method is implemented in which magnetic self-designed sensor is used to detect position of rebar in reinforced concrete. During the renovation of old buildings it is necessary to locate rebar accurately to avoid damages in construction. This is achieved by Magnetic sensor which is made up of E-shaped core also primary and secondary windings. Due to…

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Concrete a manmade material widely and greatly used in construction Industry. This concrete is a mixture of adequate proportion of cement, water and aggregate. Hardening (or) strength of this material is obtained by the chemical action between water and cement. As the time increases the stronger it grows (i.e strength of concrete is directly proportion to its age).The durability, strength, versatility and other characteristics of concrete depends upon the properties and…

the Concrete Roof of the Assembly Hall The University of Illinois- Urbana Champaign Assembly Hall has been the home of the Illini men’s basketball team for over half a century and has been one of the greatest engineering and architectural feats on campus ever since its creation over half a century ago. Beginning on May 25, 1959, construction of the Assembly Hall was carried out by structural engineers Othmar Ammann and Charles Whitney, general contractor Felmley-Dickerson Co., and architect Max…

3. MIX DESIGN 3.1 Design of Geopolymer Concrete Mixtures: In the mix design of geopolymer concrete the role and the influence of aggregates are considered to be the same as in the case of Portland cement concrete. The mass of combined aggregates may be taken to be between 75% and 80% of the mass of geopolymer concrete. Coarse and fine aggregate together were taken as 77% of entire mixture by mass. Fine aggregate was taken 30% of total aggregate. Fly ash and alkaline liquids was taken 23% of…

Bond Strength and Stress slip of Lap splice reinforcement with Fiber Reinforced Polymer wrapped and unwrapped concrete beams with the confinement properties. Abstract: This paper describes the experimental results of different researchers to examine the properties and behavior of lap splice reinforcement in a concrete beam. Beam specimens were constructed and tested in the lab. The beam specimen was tested with monotonic (cyclic) and fatigue loading. The beam was divided into three groups:…

1.1 What is a composite material? Composite materials are materials in which a homogenous matrix is reinforced by a stronger and stiffer constituent that is usually fibrous but may have a particulate or other shape (web.mit.edu). They are produced when two or more materials or phases are used together to give a combination of properties that cannot be attained otherwise. For example steel reinforced concrete, plywood and fibre glass. 1.2 What is a Ceramic Matrix Composite (CMC)? CMCs are a…

Granite- Reasonable dimensional stability, Good wear resistance, Better internal damping. Difficult to be machined, scarce, high price, low conductivity, absorbs coolant. Granite has some major flaws, like the ones which are listed below. • It is difficult to machine this material into required size andshape • Its scarcity and price • Low thermal conductivity leading it to heat concentration andeventual cracking, Ceramics- Stiffness, strength, corrosion resistance, dimensional stability, good…