Pozzolan

CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION Concrete a manmade material widely and greatly used in construction Industry. This concrete is a mixture of adequate proportion of cement, water and aggregate. Hardening (or) strength of this material is obtained by the chemical action between water and cement. As the time increases the stronger it grows (i.e strength of concrete is directly proportion to its age).The durability, strength, versatility and other characteristics of concrete depends upon the properties and proportion of the gradients in the mix. Strength of concrete is its resistance to rupture on application of load. It is measured by testing the samples for their compression, tension, shear and flexural strength. All these properties shows the strength with reference to a particular method of testing when concrete falls under a compressive load the failure is a mixture of shear and crushing failure. As tested Concrete is good at compression but fails to withstand any Tension. Reinforcement in form of steel fibres the tension to form a complete matrix. Modern method of Application of steel fibres in concrete has overcome the conventional methods. By enormously strengthening the concrete matrix, there are several applications where fibre reinforced concrete (FRC) can be creatively, economically and efficiently used. FRC is nowadays used widely and majorly in water tanks, highways overlays, pavement, flooring, Airport runways, mining and tunnelling, dams and channels, precast concrete…

Roman arch was made of stone, brick, concrete, and wood. “Romans advanced arch technology by using strong concrete with the mixture of volcanic sand and lime. This strategy made Roman arches durable for long period” (Houghton Mifflin Company, n.d.). To this day, we can still see Roman arches that were built 2000 years ago standing proudly. Concrete Roman Concrete or Opus Caementicium (Latin Name) was an artificial building material used in Roman construction. Roman first learned how to use and…

This distinction leads to a substantial effect on both the mechanical and chemical properties of geopolymer cement and it also provides a better resistant to heat, and other types of chemical attack. (Vam Dam, 2010) The formation of geopolymer is relatively simple. Chemically it is somewhat similar to the natural occurring zeolite materials (Davidovits, 1994). The process of creating geopolymer mainly relies on the alkaline solution reacting into the silicon Si and aluminium Al atoms in the…

Concrete was a very important asset in the construction of Roman cities allowing for complex rotundas, and arches. The Romans ingredients for their concrete were a pasty, hydrate lime, pozzolan ash usually found near volcanoes, and a few pieces of rock. Which when you think about the ingredients of Roman concrete is not very complex compared to modern concrete. And yet somehow the Roman’s concrete has lasted for 2,000+ years in harsh conditions and yet their buildings still have some integrity.…