Pope Pius VII

The papal bull ‘Unam Sanctum’ by Pope Boniface VII in 1302 was an attempt by the pope to assert papal authority in a time of conflict with the power of King Phillip “the fair” of France. The separation of church and kings had never been completely separate but this conflict brought the issue to the fore. Boniface was attempting to hold on to papal authority in a time when ‘temporal’ or Kingly power was rising and steadily overlapping with the generally accepted spiritual sphere of authority. He…

Monogamy and polygamy in marriages is a very sensitive, and judgemental subject in the modern day but one can argue that in the Roman world, both monogamy and polygamy was no dishonor. Women were “fit” to play the monogamous role, and men to play the polygamous role due to society 's outlook. .The binding upon a man and women in the Roman era was based on their marriage in which did not have to be permanent nor was based on true emotions. The marriage consistently occurred with unfaithfulness…

Following the inceptive imperial coronation of Charlemagne 400 years after the widespread adoption of Christianity (c. 800 AD), the new theocratic government of the Holy Roman Empire was faced with a monumental challenge: reconciling their subject’s god given freewill with law. As the defining institution of the Holy Roman Empire, the religious schemas taught by Church’s became inextricably wound with politics. One by one, laws were enforced with divine benediction, repurposing the already…

body from his burial ground and burned his remains and works. In juxtaposition to the church’s persecution of Wycliffe, the church’s persecution of Hus was severer. Instead of simply losing his job as Wycliffe had lost his, through the authority that Pope Alexander V empowered the archbishop of Prague to eliminate heresy in the archbishop’s diocese, the archbishop excommunicated Hus in 1410. However, this did not hinder Hus’s message. Hus continued preaching his message. Eventually, in 1414,…

good work or pious work, (Wolf, 154). Luther trusted in the scripture and that gave him courage and that alone, helped him walk the road of reformation. Luther wrote the Address to the German Nobility, and that challenged the authority of the Roman pope and the status of the clergy in general, (Wolf, 154). He also wrote The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, which stated that good works unjustified Scripture, (Wolfe 154). Luther wanted to cut out the middle men and allow people to establish a…

Jose Rizal A national hero in the Philippines is a man named Jose Rizal that would reveal the corruption of the Spaniards and the Roman Catholic Church towards the Filipinos due to his writings that would change the history of the Philippines. The Spaniards were very powerful during the 1500s. They began to take over cities/countries. The wanted to take over the Philippine island because of three main reasons and those are: they wanted to spread the Roman Catholic religion, during that time the…

Protestant ideas, he wrote a book defending the Catholic Faith. Protestantism is another ‘religion’ to define those against the Catholic Faith. However, later on, King Henry did a massive turnover; going against everything he said he’d do. He replaced the Pope as head of the Church in all throughout England. The Break of Rome happened in the 16th century, when King Henry decided he was going to make a new Christian Fellowship called the Church of England. At that time, there were plenty…

In 1600, several changes emerged in Europe, by exposing rebellious ways of thinking that permitted the emerge of modern structures in writing performance. These changes were essentially revolutionary and deliberately influenced the antecedent of the new Baroque style that could be found in the Renaissance period. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church accentuated on the spiritual domain that discouraged realists representation of the physical world in art. The Renaissance period experienced…

The Renaissance and the Reformation were two of the most cataclysmic time periods in western civilization. Following a period known as the “Dark” or “Middle” Ages, the Renaissance and Reformation were critical in shaping the course of human history. The Middle Ages was a period in Europe that was centered around the Church and its affairs. Following this heavily religious time period, the Renaissance and Reformation brought a new emphasis on the individual. Human capacity and reason were…

The Early Medieval period can be understood as the period lying between the ancient and the medieval. This era like the ‘Ancient’ and the ‘Modern’ has a personality of its own because it was not merely a period of time between the 4th-5th century and the 12th century but one that marked the transition between the ancient and modern world. The early medieval age in India was an era which showed immense transition, developments in the society’s social, economic and political field and drastic…