Photon

Electron motion in atomic systems, which happens on timescales of attoseconds, is at the heart of all phenomena in nature (except for nuclear processes). Electron motion is responsible for the emission of light and photosynthesis in plants. Electron motion across biological molecules transports information in our nerves and is involved in processing this information in our brains. Moreover, the valence electrons are responsible for binding atoms to form molecules. The structural change of…

manipulation research strategies in order to observe the effect it has on the brain and its functioning (Wilson, 2013). Several methods of technology are available that record and measure brain function like the electroencephalography (EEG) or the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) but I feel the most useful method would be the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) due to its ability to be used repeatedly on patients in a noninvasive manner. The fMRI can localize specific…

X-ray is an electromagnetic waveform, with a wavelength ranging from few Pico-meters to a few nanometers, with its photon energy being proportional to its frequency (Ε = hν = hc/λ). Therefore, making X-rays with shorter wavelength possess a higher energy than longer wavelengths. . X-ray photons are produced when high-speed electrons bombard a substance, as it interacts with the target, having different types of collisions. Small energy transfers from a…

the use of electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic radiation not only includes light (or photons), but thermal energy as well. While the electromagnetic spectrum consists of wavelengths between gamma radiation and the Far IR, most spectrophotometric methods rely on the UV and visible region. In order to use spectrophotometric methods, the sample being analyzed must be able to absorb the energy (photon) used to excite the sample. UV-Vis and other optical instruments measure the transition of…

Diffuse Optical Tomography is non invasive, non ionizing functional imaging modality used for detection of brain tumor and breast cancer. A forward model design depicts the placement of laser source and photo-detector around the tissue boundary. The light propagation on the phantom takes place in Near-Infra-Red wavelength. The incident light on the tissue boundary was absorbed and scattered. The scattered rays are detected by the photo-detector and scattered voltage of the tissue was measured.…

2. Basic theories and principles 2.1 Chemical vapor deposition 2.1.1 Definition of chemical vapor deposition Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a versatile process which is widely applied to produce coatings, powders, fibers and monolithic components [1]. Applying the chemical vapor deposition, it is possible to produce alloy and compounds of metals and nonmetal materials. Chemical vapor deposition can be defined as the deposition of a solid on a heated surface from a chemical reaction in the…

physicists are unable to concretely understand the results of the two slits experiment. A brief summary of the experiment is that when physicists observe photons going through a set up where they have two slits and a sheet of photosensitive material on the other side, the photons behave as if they were a solid. If the physicists do not observe the photons, the pattern they leave on the photosensitive material is that of a wave. In our case, the actual experiment is not as important though as…

Overview Background Transient global amnesia (TGA) has been a well-described phenomenon for more than 40 years. Clinically, it manifests with a paroxysmal, transient loss of memory function. Immediate recall ability is preserved, as is remote memory; however, patients experience striking loss of memory for recent events and an impaired ability to retain new information. In some cases, the degree of retrograde memory loss is mild. Many patients are anxious or agitated and may repeatedly ask…

therapy, internal radiation therapy (also known as brachytherapy) and systemic radiation therapy. External radiation is most often delivered in photon beams delivered in a rapidly moving beam by a linear accelerator machine (“Radiation Therapy for Cancer,” 2010). These machines speed up particles using electric fields and hence increase the energy of the photon beams. (Dotson, 2014). With more energy, the beam is more damaging to cancer cells. External beam radiation also uses computer programs…

Introduction All living organisms have need of a constant supply of energy, for the maintenance of their life processes. Energy can be defined as the ability to do work, hence, for metabolic reactions to occur a supply of energy is needed. The law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but transfers from one state to another. Photosynthesis and Respiration, are two processes involved in the production of energy. These processes will now be examined.…