Peripheral nervous system

A Guide to Understanding Back Pain Back pain is a common problem, and it has many different causes. It actually affects the majority of people at one point or another, and it can range from mild discomfort to severe pain that requires medical treatment. The following are some important facts about back pain to help you understand it better. One type of back pain that can be extremely painful is sciatica, which results from an inflammation of the sciatic nerve. What makes this so hard to live…

Among annually 2.4 million eye injuries in the United States, 40,000-60,000 of them trigger blindness as a consequence of Blunt Trauma Impact (BTI). The injury as a result of BTI to the eye could be minimized if and only if the process and detail of that were thoroughly available. Numerical models, such as Finite Element (FE), might be applicable since experimental measurements on the detail of injury in each component of the eye is almost impossible. In this study, in order to understand…

When diagnosing the patient, it is important to take all signs into account and differentiate between conditions with similar symptoms, especially in patients whose symptomology matches a plethora of illnesses. Differential diagnosis is used to distinguish between two or more medical conditions that have similar symptoms. Differential diagnosis aids in increased diagnostic accuracy of the diagnosis so that patients can be effectively treated. Differential diagnosis is used often, especially in…

Epilepsy is the most prevalent neurological disorder in humans. About 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy (Lima et al., 2009), and nearly two out of every three new cases are discovered in developing countries. More than two million people in the United States have experienced an unprovoked seizure or been diagnosed with epilepsy. Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent seizures (Blume et al., 2001). Seizures are defined as sudden changes in the electrical functioning of the brain,…

ALS Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive disorder that is inherited or acquired. It affects motor neurons. Motor neurons are cells that are in the brain, brain stem and spinal cord and their function is to carry an electrical signal to a muscle and trigger it to contract or relax. Medical terminology, a means without, my is muscle and trophic is nourishment. Lateral is pertaining to the side/direction that is affected and sclerosis is an abnormal condition of hardening. It was…

Cerebral Palsy Passion Project Paper Cerebral Palsy is the most common physical disability in childhood (Cerebral Palsy Foundation, yourcpf.org., n.d., factsheet) This means that Cerebral Palsy also becomes a prominent disorder in adults. Cerebral Palsy is a lifelong disease, it is not progressive, however, the symptoms a person has can change over time (Cerebral Palsy Foundation, yourcpf.org.) This means that while the individual who has Cerebral Palsy will not get any worse, their symptoms…

different areas of the human brain that make strides during the individual’s early years and adolescence. All these changes involve the creation of links among various parts of the brain, which increase the coordinated functions of the central nervous system. Toward the base and rear of the brain we find the cerebellum, which is a structure that aids in the control of body movement and balance. The fibers which link the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex grow and myelinate from the time of…

inhibited by the increase activity at the globus pallidus internus (Lundy-Ekman, 2013). The disease involves a change in the basal ganglia motor circuit. The motor circuit consists of sending output information to the cerebral cortex , pedunculopontine nucleus and the midbrain locomotor area. The direct pathway consists of the the substantia nigra via the nigrostriadal pathway sends dopamine cells that are excitatory to the globus pallidis internus . The globus pallidus is…

Other evidence in support of the dopamine hypothesis relating to the substantia nigra include structural changes in the pars compacta. Some of the other changes in the substantia nigra include increased expression of NMDA receptors, and reduced dysbindin expression. Increased NMDA receptors may point to the involvement of glutamate-dopamine interactions in schizophrenia. Due to the changes to the substantia nigra in the schizophrenic brain, it may eventually be possible to use specific imaging…

The second DNA sequence protein came out as alpha-synuclein which plays a role in Parkinson's disease. "Parkinson's disease is a progressive disorder of the nervous system that effects movement." (Mayo Clinic ) It effects the movement by making the body stiff or hard to move or to control. There are five different stages of Parkinson's disease. The first stage is the mildest form of Parkinson's disease, the symptoms are so minimal that they are often missed. Some of these symptoms in stage one…