In light of the recent turmoil that has engulfed the Middle East recently, one may think that a new Middle East is emerging, however, due to recent setbacks, one may think the opposite and that the “old” Middle East is making a comeback. Both might be right, on the one hand it can be said that the region is in the throes of a transitional period to a more democratic future, while on the other hand it can be seen that the new rulers installed after the Arab Spring appear to be backsliding into…
Constantinople: for centuries the city served as a symbol for both the imperial might of the East Roman Empire and as a major center for Orthodox Christianity. The conquest of the city by the Ottoman Muslims in 1453 signaled an era of Muslim supremacy in the Balkan and Greek lands and the subsequent decline of Christianity in its hinterlands. As with any cataclysmic event in history, the fall of Constantinople and the consequences that followed are documented and presented differently in “The…
and a new ground of the Islamic religion. Now that the friendly center of gravity has been defined, the enemy center of gravity is next. Constantinople has relied on its dominant defense and geographic location since it was first targeted by the Ottomans and Umayyads during the caliphate of Mu’awiya in the 600s. Therefore, the enemy center of gravity is its dominate defensive characteristics. Following the identification of the centers of gravity, the related lines of effort must be defined.…
By 1453 the Ottomans had conquered all of the Byzantine Empire except Constantinople. In April of 1453 the Ottomans scaled the walls of Constantinople and over through what was left of the Byzantine Empire. After the fall of Constantinople the Ottomans created the capital city, Istanbul, in its place. Different from Constantinople the Ottoman was Empire that had strong ties to the Islamic Faith. They represented their faith…
In scientific world, sound has been used for many purposes. One of them is to find the depth of the sea using sound waves. Similarly, in the world of literature, sound or music is used to convey the deeper meaning of the writing. It takes the reader to a different level of understanding, which brings out the reality behind the words. Sound plays an important role in one’s life, and so it does in literature. Without sound or music, the literature cannot be properly expressed because it is lacking…
Likewise to the Ottomans, the Safavids economic strength derived from trading routes and its location. Constant rivalries with its neighbours including the Ottomans and Mughals were due to mostly sectarian tension between Shi’a and Sunni Islam. They were known for their unifying spirits that influenced part of their control power and encouraged…
Greece vs. Persia The Classical age through the Hellenistic period was a time where politics, economics, and religion flourished throughout Europe. Two important empires during this time period ere the Greeks and the Persians, whose significance increased significantly after the Greco-Persian war. The politics and economics of Persia and Greece were different, but the religions were similar because they worshipped anthropomorphically, had an altar system, and weren 't strongly practicing…
The location of the metropolis of Constantinople was strategically located between the European and Asian continents. It was known for its colossal infrastructure, easy access of trade routes between continents and diverse cultural background. This massive city was also the capital of the Byzantine Empire, an empire built on a wealth of gold and Christianity. The strategic location of the metropolis of Constantinople plays a critical role in its functions as an imperial capital, trade emporium…
Islamic Empires The Islamic Empires reside in history as some of the most influential and powerful empires of their time. Also regarded to as the Gunpowder empires for their innovative weaponry, the 3 different groups of the Islamic Empires were the Ottomans, Safavids and Mughals. Known for their form large empires in a short period of time, they are also seen as some of the most diverse communities. However, some their cultural identities were massively affected due to the myriad of different…
Throughout the history, Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful empires of the world. Founded by Osman 1 in 1299, this empire ruled large territory of Europe and Asia starting from Baghdad to Algiers at its prime. Since the empire controlled both Europe and Asia, it has ruled various ethinicities and cultures. Thus, various people who had different religions and lifestyles lived together. Between many of the cities of the Ottoman there was one city which had various religions. The city was…