Mutation rate

happens under abnormal conditions. Under abnormal conditions, the cell can replicate in certain ways causing mutations, which…

intracellular molecules of signaling pathways. Cancer can occur whenever a mutation alters any of these genes. These mutations can be random and spontaneous, however they can also be caused by environmental factors such as chemicals, radiation, and X-rays. Oncogenes are mutated genes that play a role in transforming a normal cell into a cancerous tumor cell. Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that become oncogenes when mutations cause them to be…

There are 5 different known types of ALS. Familial, which is inherited. “Only about 5 to 10% of all ALS patients appear to have genetic or inherited form of ALS. In those families, there is a 50% chance each offspring will inherit the gene mutation and may develop the disease.”(“Forms of ALS,” 2015) Classical ALS, which affects two-thirds of people and it affects upper and lower motor neurons. Primary Lateral Sclerosis (PLS), is the rarest form and it affects the upper neurons with the…

fingernails, short limb dwarfism, and over half the cases have shown congenital heart defects. Ellis-Van Creveld syndrome is associated with abnormalities or mutations in two genes on the number 4 chromosome. This syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive genetic condition, which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. The parents of a child with an autosomal recessive condition each carry one copy of the mutated…

disorder. The gene change is almost always a chance but is extremely rare. Chances with a child who already has progeria and it happening again is two-three percent. The increase is due to a condition called mosaicism, where a parent has the genetic mutation for the disease in their cells but does not have the…

Overall Structure (Score 7) Dr. Glaunsinger divided her talk into four main sections over the course of her 50-minute talk. As her introduction, she appropriately began by providing a synopsis of her research by describing the mission of her lab and providing an overview of her interest in the interaction between DNA viruses and the eukaryotic genetic regulatory systems. To emphasize the broad goals of her lab, she introduced examples of model viruses, such as the gamma herpes viruses and MHV68…

DNA mutations are in other words DNA changes. Any changes in DNA can be from spontaneous mutation, in order to adapt to the continuous changing environment, or induced mutation, which it is caused from dangerous exposures such as to carcinogens or radiation. Moreover, three main steps a DNA chain goes through to build proteins are, DNA to mRNA (messenger deoxyribonucleic acid), and then the end result is protein. Furthermore, DNA changes, in which can occur in a single or multiple nucleotides on…

Angelina’s main reason for having a double mastectomy was because she had most her mother to breast cancer and she did not want her six children to lose her from breast cancer. After her mother died of breast cancer she decided to take a gene test to determine if she was at risk for breast cancer. She was. She justified saying her doctors estimated that she had an 87 percent risk of having breast cancer so she decided to be proactive and have the surgery. Angelina used her own personal story…

live female births. (4) This is when Stage II begins, with deterioration of mental processes. The rate of deterioration varies. Symptoms include babble or loss of speech, unable to use hands properly, no wanting to socialize, not sleeping well and poor head growth. (1) Stage III is when the deterioration reaches a plateau, with the landmarks of the disease present. These include: stereotyped…

Lactase persistence is the result of a gene mutation and therefore considered the mutant allele while non-persistent is the wild-type allele. However, the LCT gene itself is not mutated. The single base pair mutation (a change from a “C” to a “T”) occurs in an intron of a neighboring gene that lies 13,910 nucleotides upstream, which alters the process in which the LCT gene is turned…