Money supply

2.1.13 The Concept of Money supply According Layi (1999) money supply means the amount of money which is available in an economy in sufficiently liquid and spendable form. What constitute the components of this money supply depends on what has been officially accepted by monetary authorities of each country as the constituents of money supply for that country. Thus, each country‟s money supply definition may be unique. According to him the narrowest definition of money supply in modern time is currency plus demand deposit and this definition is known theoretically as M1. M1 = C + DD Where C is currency held by the public and not in commercial or merchant banks or currency in circulation less notes and coins in the vault of commercial and merchant…

targeting of the money supply and interest rates, foreign exchange markets and rates The questions that I will answer for this week’s assignment are as follows: Why the simultaneous targeting of the money supply and interest rates is sometimes impossible to achieve? How do central banks intervene in foreign exchange markets? What did the Bretton Woods Agreement do to the ability of foreign exchange rates to fluctuate freely? Targeting Money Supply and Interest rates Firstly, the Fed targets…

The increasing and decreasing of excess reserves makes meeting the money supply achievable for the Federal Reserve. These Reserves help control the commercial banks money supply. Consequently Federal Reserves are a liability because, of the claims commercial banks may have against them for funds that are owed. The banks are under the assumption that the funds of an individual receiving a loan approval will not remain in a debtors account. Therefore, bank anticipates the check and debits will be…

It is often said that money makes the world go round. Money plays an important role in a country’s economy. Citizens must have money in order to spend money. Governments can help banks create money. In the United States (US), the Federal Reserve is responsible for controlling the money supply to keep the economy running smoothly. One must fully understand the US money and banking system to fully grasp the money market. Knowledge of items that serve as money, the effects of actions taken…

centers specifically on the money theory postulated by Keynes. We focus on the flaws in the classical money theory and then move on to explain the Keynes money model, then work on the criticisms on it. Since it is believed in the 1960's 70's and even now that "Never trust any theory of money older than thirty years" The Classical Theory: The fundamental principle of the classical theory is that the economy is self regulating. Classical economists maintain that the economy is always capable…

and regulate the quantity of money in the economy. It was created in the 1914, after bank failures of 1907. It is run by the Board of Governors, which has seven members, including the chairman. Currently this position is held by Janet Yellen. The main headquarters is located in Washington D.C., and there are also 12 regional banks, each one with a bank president. The first function of the monetary system is to regulate the banks and clear the checks, through making loans to the bank, we can…

The effects on individual consumption, business investment, and money supply led to the macroeconomic problems. Using different methods of macroeconomic study, economists acquire a general perspective of economic problems. One of the simplest graphs to understand is the supply and demand graph. It’s the use of this graph that helps in understanding higher prices during the oil crises; lower supply equals higher demand price, and higher supply equals lower demand prices. However, supply and…

disposal to influence the money supply. There are 3 main tools, which are Reserve requirement, Discount rate (Discount loans), and Open market operations. Let’s talk first about this main 3. Reserve requirements are, “requirements regarding the amount of cash a bank must hold in reserve against deposits made by customers. This money must be in the bank's vaults or at the closest Federal Reserve bank. Set by the Fed's board of governors, reserve requirements are one of the three main tools of…

Quantitative Easing, as defined by Investopia, is an unconventional monetary policy in which a central bank purchases government securities or other securities from the market in order to lower interest rates and increase money supply. In short, in times when standard monetary policy has become useless, this is used by central banks to help stimulate the economy. Quantitative easing is used when short-term interest rates are close to that of zero, and no new money is needed to be printed in the…

There is an argument between which theory works best, side-supply or demand-side. They are both important because you need both the supplier and consumer. When you comparing and contrasting the two arguments it is obvious that they are both needed to make our economy better. Supply-side economics is also known as Reaganomics or the "trickle-down" policy. Side-supply has three parts: tax policy, regulatory policy and monetary policy. Tax cuts for investors and entrepreneurs gives a greater…