Kidney stone

of appetite, insomnia, tingling and swelling of the extremities. In kidney transplant patients, 30% or more side effects are infection, HTN, abnormal renal function, constipation, diarrhea, N/V and insomnia. A very rare disease which is usually presented in Tacrolimus induced immunodeficiency is Progressive Multifocal Leucoencaphalopathy (PML). We came across one such case which was initially suspected PML in 51 year old kidney…

Hypovolemia is a state in which the blood volume, specifically the volume of the blood plasma, is decreased. This can also lead to an imbalance in the volume contraction, or a decrease in the volume of body fluid, which includes osmolytes. Hypervolemia is often linked with sodium depletion, and is distinctly different from dehydration. Causes include loss of blood, loss of plasma, and loss of osmolytes via diarrhea and vomiting. It is recognized by tachycardia and diminished blood pressure, as…

life-saving organ transplant thanks to the generosity of a donor. (life) In Indiana, more than 1,400 people are on a waiting list for an organ transplant. (life) While most organ and tissue donations occur after the donor has died, some organs (including a kidney or…

stored in the brain, helps control the body's water balance. The kidneys filter the blood to remove waste and excess fluid, which are stored in the bladder as urine. ADH controls the balance between fluid intake and urine excretion. Normally, when a person's fluid intake is low or when a lot of fluid is lost (for example, through sweating), the brain releases more ADH into the bloodstream. High levels of this hormone direct the kidneys to reabsorb more water and to make less urine. When fluid…

Summary 1: Sodium and excessiveness of it is one of the main factors increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke in Americans. The purpose of this study was to test the relationship between the amount of salt consumed and cardiovascular disease or stroke. To do this study, researchers used a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies done between 1966 through 2008. They used data sources from Medline, Embase, Psychinfo, Cochrane Library, AMED, and CINAHL. The average salt intake…

order to measures the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine. The nurse also needs to maintain and monitor the patient weights daily to prevent any additional weight to be added. The patients need to be on a fluid and diet restriction because the kidneys stop functioning properly and will not be able to filter the waste from your bloodstream effectively. This in turn will lead to a buildup of waste matter and toxins in your blood. So with nutritional management, you can…

abnormalities on IVP, which could have been responsible for the hematuria. IVP is a more sensitive for detection of small lesions of the ureter or renal pelvis. The IVP has a higher sensitivity and specificity than an abdominal plain film for the detection of stones and provides data about the degree of obstruction. The IVP can also visualize both the bladder and the upper urinary tracts. It was previously the diagnostic procedure of choice, but is no longer because of potential contrast…

1. In review of the patient’s lab work it shows that the patient is anemic. Porth defines anemia as an abnormally low number of circulating red blood cells and/or level of hemoglobin (Porth, 2011). Hemoglobin, or HGB, is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to organs and tissues throughout the body. Hematocrit, or HCT, is the volume of cells in 100 mL of blood (Porth, 2011). HGB and HCT levels can indicate the severity of the anemia. Mean corpuscular volume, or MCV, tells us the…

Introduction severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is not unusual, expensive, and potentially lifestyles-threatening and need spark off evaluation and aggressive scientific control.(van leerdam.2008) in spite of changes in control, mortality has not appreciably progressed over the last 50 years. aged sufferers and people with continual scientific diseases survive acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding much fewer well than more youthful, healthier sufferers, and have a higher risk of loss of…

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is defined as a decrease in kidney function occurring in the glomerular filtration ability of the kidney causing an increase in nitrogenous waste in the blood and in turn increasing the creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels (McCance & Huether, 2014). Other findings associated with AKI include, a decrease in urinary output and also accumulation of metabolic acids, and increased potassium and phosphate concentrations (Bellomo, Kellum & Ronco, 2012). The AKI is…