Kidney stone

According to a survey conducted by the Ecology Global Network, in the article “Birth and Death Rates,” it sates on average, 151,600 people die each day. In addition, an article by The American Transplant Foundation, titled “Facts and Myths,” states that at minimum, 21 people out of 123,000 men, women and children on the organ transplant list join the death rate every day. Incidentally, a single person can donate their body and save up to 8 lives. Thus if 20,000 of the 151,600 deceased donated…

become dehydrated and aren’t even aware about it. Our bodies are made up of around 70% water. Important organs like the heart, brain, and kidneys can't work appropriately without a specific amount of minimum water and salt.…

Since all individuals will begin the experiment in a slightly dehydrated state there will be high levels of Anti diuretic hormone and aldosterone, ANP levels on the other hand will be at a reduced level. We will test four different conditions during the experiment, continued dehydration, consumption of water, coke and Gatorade. All of these conditions will cause a shift in various aspects of homeostasis and will require compensation from the body through the renal system. The consumption of…

An infant is born to two parents. The father has type A blood and the mother has type B blood. A sample of the infant’s blood is sent for blood typing. When the infant’s blood is subjected to forward typing, there is no agglutination. When back-typing is performed, the infant’s serum causes agglutination with both type A and type B RBCs. Which of the following is the most likely interpretation of these results? A. The infant has type A blood. B. The infant has type AB blood. C. The infant has…

1. What is the most likely diagnosis of the underlying disease in this patient (5 marks)? Follicular Lymphoma. 2. Describe the process of autologous transplantation for the treatment of this patient’s disease. (5 marks). Stem cells are removed from patient and stored in a freezer. Patient will then receive high dose chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy to get rid of circulating tumor cells in the blood. The removed stem cells are transfused, replacing the destroyed tissue and…

Allie is a 5 year old who presents with frequency and burning upon urination. This started 1 day ago. No fever, and she wet the bed last PM. No prior history of UTI. Vomited x1 yesterday. Her weight is 46 pounds (46lbs= 20, 9 kg= 21 kg). Exam. Unremarkable. Some regionalized abdominal pain. No suprapubic tenderness. Urine dip in office reveals 2+ bacteria, +nitrites, neg blood, glucose, ketones. Perineal area slightly excoriated. What would your treatment plan be for this patient?…

Acute Kidney Injury Case Study 1. AKI can be prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal. Prerenal is a decrease in blood flow to the kidneys and this leads to a decrease in glomerulus perfusion and filtration. During prerenal, Azotemia occurs and is the accumulation of nitrogenous waste in the blood. This results in a reduction in sodium excretion, increased sodium and water retention, and decreased urine output. Intrarenal has direct damage to the kidney. Nephrotoxins can cause structures to…

Urodynamic studies or urodynamic testing is a set of tests that are conducted for evaluating the function as well as condition of the lower urinary tract. In other words, urodynamics is a group of tests that are generally prescribed by a urologist, gynecologist, or urogynecologist. These tests allow them to carry out a visual examination of the functioning of the lower urinary tract. Why urodynamic testing is used? A team of qualified doctors conduct the urodynamic testing to assess lower…

Coronary heart disease, one of the most pervasive disease, has influenced more than million individuals around the globe. It has brought biomedical engineers and scientists closer to develop devices like defibrillators and artificial hearts that may alleviate patients’ pain. As the number of patients suffering from heart diseases increase, the need for donor hearts increases as well. In 1995, 4000 patients waited for donor hearts and 731 of them died waiting (ijates.com). Artificial hearts…

procedure outweighs the risk of surgery. In this case, the patient must have lost function is both kidneys (as people can survive with one functional kidney) due to an end-stage renal disease, thus necessitating the need for a kidney transplant. Hypothesis: Like already stated, when organ failure occurs, physicians determine whether or not to proceed with surgery. The patient…