Inoculation

The Vaccine War Many illnesses have haunted the humane race for centuries and throughout that time we have developed ways to prevent them and protect our children. So, why are parents now choosing not to vaccinate? Is the anti-vaccination movement decreasing child safety? Does MMR (measles-mumps-rubella) vaccine cause autism? How much are our children at risk by the MMR vaccine? “Because we’re unwilling to learn from history, we are starting to relive it. And children are the victims of our…

General Unknowns Bacterium Vitality en Vida Bacteria play a vital role in our daily lives. It is therefore our right to know the importance of being able to distinguish certain strains of bacteria. With the right knowledge we would be able to come up with a cure for a disease. An identity gives way to knowledge, to better understanding and access to information on how an organism works and how we can prevent its worsening effects or isolate its benefits. Scientists have been trying to…

HIS 124 Summer 2014 Exam 1 Identification (Identify or define the following people, groups, or terms in one to three sentences each.) Cahokia Cahokia was the great centers of Mississippian culture and its largest settlement of Mississippian. It was a village of southwest illinois, a residential suburb of East St.Louis. It was located near the importance trade routes of the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Ferdinand and Isabel King Ferdinand of Aragon and Queen Isabella of Castile were both…

scientific research is critical and the relationship between the researchers and human subjects should be based on honesty, trust, and respect. In the following cases of “The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment” and the Guatemalan “Normal Exposure” and Inoculation Syphilis Experiment, went against all ethics of research. The Tuskegee experiment was a study of the effects of untreated Syphilis in over 400 Black men from Macon County Alabama. The Public Health Service (PHS) Researchers 6-month…

The Transfer of the pGLO plasmid into Escherichia coli from the DNA of Aequorea victoria Introduction The goal of this lab is to be able to take the gene responsible for allowing organisms to glow in the dark, called Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP), located in the pGLO plasmid, and move it from the DNA of the Aequorea victoria to bacteria, Escherichia coli. The pGLO plasmid is found naturally in some organisms such as the A. victoria,…

Discussion The various test that were completed had supporting evidence that deduced the identity of the unknown microorganism. A gram stain was performed on the bacterium and a purple color was seen under the microscope. The purple hue that was acquired by the unknown microorganism indicated that the organism had a thick peptidoglycan layer meaning that the bacterium was gram positive. Looking under the microscope helped to identify the cellular arrangement of the bacterium which was sphere…

In today’s society there is a raging debate going on over childhood immunizations, Should I vaccinate or not, that is a question that many parents are struggling with. There is fierce debate on both sides. In this time of abundant social media, it only takes a few high profile people to start making parents doubt their decisions and cause destruction that could take years to repair. Let’s look at what an immunization is, why it was created, and what is purpose of getting one and why some parents…

Cloning in its simplest sense is “to make an identical copy of” (“Clone”). However, while cloning is the act of replicating, the word cloning encompasses far more than simple duplication. Cloning involves a wide variety of processes that can be used to produce genetically identical copies of a biological entity. In terms of biology, cloning is the natural process of producing similar populations of genetically identical individuals when organisms such as bacteria, insects or plants reproduce…

n 1910 Citrus Canker was introduced to the United States on trifoliate rootstock seedlings that were imported Japan. The disease spread rapidly around the Gulf Coast. Starting in Texas, it made it’s way east to Florida, then north to South Carolina. The pathogen, Xanthomonas axonopodis has two pathovars known to cause Canker; one being citri, and the other being aurantifolii. These can affect all citrus cultivars and even some citrus relatives. This bacterium is not known to be harmful to humans…

According to Hans Christian Gram in regards to the gram staining technique he developed, purple bacteria present on the slide are gram-positive organisms (1). After inoculation of the blood agar plate and Phenylethyl Alcohol agar plate, I was able to match the bacteria present based on their growth characteristics (Figures 2 and 3). PEA plates are a selective medium for gram positive bacteria, consequently inhibiting growth…