Genetic predisposition

“Genome editing” is a form of genetic engineering that involves the addition, deletion, and modification of genes in a genome. The genome of an organism is the full genetic complement of that given organism hence by editing the genome, scientists are able to alter the phenotype of these organisms and can modify the cellular functions occurring within the organism. Mutations in the DNA of an organism occur during DNA replication. For example in the human genome, it is thought that there are 6…

associated with other diseases such as pulmonic stenosis and tetralogy of Fallot. “In more than 90 percent of cases, mutations in the JAG1 gene cause Alagille syndrome. Another 7 percent of individuals with Alagille syndrome have small deletions of genetic material on chromosome 20 that include the JAG1 gene. A few people with Alagille…

Each gene has instructions to make or build a protein. In protein coding the sequence is always in groups of three nucleotides. These groups of three are called codons. Every codon has one amino acid in a protein. All proteins need to start with the ATG codon. Most biological activities are carried out by proteins. In order to have the DNA sequence that reads ATG-ACT-CAT-GAG-TGA to be translated into the RNA to build a protein there has to be proteins that are not the same to be able to…

Abstract: Evolution is an ongoing process, it states that present day organisms arose from preexisting organism. The amino acid sequence of a protein allows scientist to compare the evolutionary relationship among species since proteins have almost the same functions. The greater the difference between organisms means that there is more variance in the amino acid sequencing. However, proteins do most of the cell’s work and they also function as an immune antibody. The immune system consists of…

independently assorting manner. References Gonzalez, Cayetano. "Drosophila melanogaster: a model and a tool to investigate malignancy and identify new therapeutics." Nature Reviews Cancer 13.3 (2013): 172-183. Morris, Ashley B., Cahoon, A. Bruce. BIOL 3251 Genetics Lab Manual Spring 2016, Middle Tennessee State University, Department of Biology. 2016 Nikhil, K. L., et al. "Role of temperature in mediating morning and evening emergence chronotypes in fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster." Journal…

Leslie Banesa Lopez Professor Charles Hart Biol 1101L 10Sept. 2016 JAA Q #1: What is the species name of the model/study organism? A: The species name of the green house whitefly is Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Q #2: What is one piece of interesting information found in the introduction? A: The most interesting part I found in the introduction was that almost all entomopathogenic fungal products contain conidia (asexual spores of a fungi) as an active ingredient. This type of production takes…

After reading chapter three I had a better understanding of DNA replication, what genes do, and also how humans are connected to other species, a better understanding on how we are all part of a “biological continuum”. In 1962 three men named James Watson, Francis Crick, and Maurice Wilkins won of the most distinguished award which was the Noble prize. Although one more person also help discover DNA which she was not credited was Rosalind Franklen. DNA replication is the process one strand of…

The term “evolution” is a theory to explain how earth becomes full of life from simple bacteria. Set by Darwin, it is a common concept accepted by the public. He used the finches on Galápagos Islands to explain an important concept for evolution, nature selection. He found that on Galápagos Islands, finches have many different types of beaks. Some are easy to crush seeds, some are easy to catch warms in the trunks, and others have their ways to use. But different types of beaks can only found on…

consists of paired bases (A to T, C to G), phosphate molecules, and sugar molecules. DNA is important because it instructs an organism's cell to produce certain amino acids for proteins, determined by the sequence of base pairs. DNA also contains genetic material that can guide the processes of the cell. In addition, DNA can replicate itself, making cell division possible. James…

Metaphase I (MI) (Assembly of meiotic apparatus) During Metaphase I, Chromosomes move together along the metaphase plate. DNA replication, repair spindle function, and chromosome segregation are controlled by regulatory mechanisms of spindle assembly checkpoints (Elledge, 1996). The cellular spindle apparatus includes the spindle microtubules, associated proteins, and any centrosomes or asters present at the spindle poles. The dynamic lengthening and shortening of spindle microtubules (Mitchison…