Final Solution

The motivation behind this experiment was to gain insight behind the theory and practice of two laboratory techniques: solubility-dependent extraction, and recrystallization, in an effort to isolate and identify three compounds originally dissolved in a mixture. Extraction is used to isolate a specific compound. Recrystallization involves taking a crude compound and removing unwanted impurities so that a more accurate melting point can be taken, leading to a more precise identification of a…

the concentration of solutions on either side of the membrane. An example of osmosis can be observed by placing a red blood cell into a solution. if the concentration of the solution the red blood cell is placed into has a higher concentration the water from the inside of the cell will move out. The water moves out of the cell in order to dilute the solution making it less concentrated. In this experiment ,my group members and I used 0.04 M of a starch solution, Dialysis tubing…

Turbidity: - Turbidity is a degree of water clarity. Turbidity is defined as an “expression of the optical property that causes light to be scattered and absorbed rather than transmitted in straight lines through the sample”. Nephelometers are used to measure the intensity of light scattered by contaminants present in water such as suspended and colloidal solids like clay, silt and microscopic organisms. Turbidimeters using the principle of nephelometer compare the light scattered due to…

diethyl ether, two layers were created, an organic yellow top layer and a clear aqueous bottom layer. The clear layer (basic layer) was extracted and placed into a container where 6M NaOH was add to the solution. The addition of NaOH made the solution basic, and created white flakes in the solution. The white flakes were separated by placing them into a Hirsh funnel filtration, the sold flakes were pure ethyl 4-aminobenzoate. After a week the powder was weighted using analytical balances…

Darcy’s Law expresses flux of water without particles through a nonwoven membrane as follows: J=∆p/(μ.R_m ) (4) where, J is the permeation flux (m3/m2s), ∆p is the transnonwoven pressure (Pa), μ is the viscosity (Pa.s), and Rm is the clean nonwoven membrane resistance or intrinsic resistance (1/m). Since fouling is going to take place in the separation process, the permeation flux will always be lower than the flux given by Eq. 4. Cake resistance -formed by cake layer- and fouling resistance…

masses, and it was difficult to get each of the cells to have a similar initial mass. This affected the data by causing the results in the table to appear skewed. In order to properly address this issue, one could measure out a specific amount of solution to be placed into the dialysis tubing at the beginning of the experiment, so the initial masses can be as close as possible. Solute concentration has a major effect on the rate of osmosis. How does temperature affect the rate of osmosis? In…

2.2. Extraction process analysis The solvent is fed from the bottom and broth from the top since the mass separation agent or solvent has a lower density than the aqueous mixture. The raffinate phase contains most of water and traces of HAc, and solvent, whereas the extract phase includes most of the solvent, HAc, and traces of water. The amount and composition of the mixed solvent significantly important for the process economy because it directly affects the composition of HAc in the extract…

Cecilia Wong Nature of the task and the research question: Two centimetre piece of potato is bathes into different salt solutions (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 35%) over a period of time, to determine the effect of different salt solutions on osmosis. To investigate the effect of increasing the concentration of sodium chloride (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 35%) on the process of osmosis, by calculating the mass change of the potato core (g, ±0.01g) at room temperate of lab (25.0˚C) Table 1: Raw data Table…

Experiment 2: Aim: In this experiment you will determine the mass of a single drop of water by a graphical method. You will evaluate its uncertainty. Data: Table 1: Number of Drops: Mass of Beaker + drops/g (0.01g) 1 2.36 g 2 2.38 g 3 2.40 g 4 2.44 g 5 2.46 g 6 2.48 g 7 2.50 g Chart 1: Analysis: The mass of 1 drop of water is 0.4g. By taking the total mass and dividing it by the number of drops we can figure out the average mass of a drop of water. However the number of drops should…

SOLUBILITY AND DRUG SOLUBILIZATION 2.1 SOLUBILITY Solubility is commonly related to the bioavailability of the compound of interest,particularly for poorly soluble compounds. Administration of a drug in any dosage form, except solution involves a dissolution step.It is necessary that the drug present in the dissolved state at the site of absorption then only it can be absorbed. It must be soluble in and transported by the body fluids, transverse the required biologic membrane barriers, escape…