External fixation

and are likely to be compromised by the risk factors above and as well as age and comorbidity. In addition, poor circulation can be a complication of the OREF surgery. Pins used in external fixation may injure vessels by directly piercing or resting and eroding the vessel wall. According to Lim et al (2010), vessel injury is secondary to indirect compression and impingement, direct or partial laceration and erosion. As a result, the patient may experience bleeding. Dhal et al. reported on thirteen pseudoaneurysms associated with extremity trauma, of these five (38.5%) were caused by external fixation pins. Signs of vascular injury following external fixator pin insertion included bleeding from insertion site, a pulsatile mass, loss of distal pulse, or ischemia. If left untreated, poor peripheral circulation can result to tissue damage, eventually leading to ulcerations, gangrene, and eventually, amputation. It could also lead to healing complications (delayed union, non-union or malunion) (Hernandez et al, 2012). Hence, managing this problem is of utmost priority. Another priority problem in this situation is pain. The data that support there is pain are the pain score of 7/10, elevated heart rate and respiratory rate as well as the fact that the patient underwent an open reduction external fixation for his fractures. Pain is a concern because it aggravates the patient’s diabetes (BGL of 17 mmol/ltr). Having post-operative pain is really stressful and in situations like…

into a usable compound. Plants must rely on an outside source for nitrogen. Long before the development of ammonia fertilizers, manure and animal remains were used to promote plant growth, although no real investigation of the chemical components that accomplished this growth was completed until the 1840’s (Zmaczynski). While mineral deposits of the chemical components potassium and phosphorus were discovered in great amounts, very few sources of nitrogen were found (Zmaczynski). Sodium nitrate…

of meat we consume. We can do this by reducing our intake on a daily basis. We need to take it a little further and start either growing our own food or patronizing others like farmers markets, or make sure we buy organic. We need to learn how to start living sustainably. C. 1. According to the text, nitrogen is important because all life is dependent on it; human bodies and crops cannot exist without it. The majority of the earth’s nitrogen is found in the atmosphere, 80%; that nitrogen…

Three 3X3” plant pots labelled as A, B, and C were used during our experiment. Each pot contained standard soil media with basic nutrients, and 3 Arabidopsis seeds. All pots were watered with appropriate Hoagland’s Solution formulation three times per week over the next 4 weeks. Pot A (phosphate limitation group) was given a phosphate reduced Hoagland’s solution, whereas Pot B (nitrogen limitation group) was watered with nitrate reduced Hoagland’s solution. Pot C (control) is the control plant…

What forces maintain variation within populations? 3. Do similar forces promote divergence among populations? 4. Why do sex chromosomes have peculiar passing down traits? Research in Dr. McDaniel’s lab aims to answer these questions by using classical genetic and genome analyses of the moss model system, Ceratodon purpureus. They also use Physcomitrella patens, a spreading earth moss, as a model for gene function analysis. These questions pose to look at what the genetic basis of dissociation…

many uses of ammonia in the industry within the human society these include as chemicals, explosives, fibers and plastics, refrigeration, pharmaceuticals, pulp and paper, mining and metallurgy and cleaning. The most common use of ammonia is as a fertilizer (AUS-e-TUTE, 2014). Within the fertilizing industry there is a production of (Leslie, 2015): Ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4 Ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 Ammonium nitrate, NH4NO3 Urea, (NH2)2CO = made from ammonia and carbon dioxide Nitrogen…

After amplifying the specific genes from microbial DNA at different sites, we found that nosz was more present in soils under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. This could be due to the fact that there is less nitrogen in water than in soil. Introduction: Nitrogen cycling allows for living organisms to survive in ecosystems. The nitrogen cycle consists of N₂ from the atmosphere being changed and converted to NO₃ for organisms to properly and then back to N₂. This process of…

Laura Reddig Professor Michelle MacFarlane AG 198 7 October, 2015 Midterm 1. Alternative crops are crucial to changing the unhealthy dieting habits of modern culture as the reliance on calorie rich crops rise. The world is shifting its agricultural focus to crops like wheat, corn, and soybeans while crops like sweet potato, cassava and yam are declining in numbers (Parker, 2014). With such a limited number of crops being relied on to provide most dietary nutrition, those crops have to be…

The Rangifer Tarandus, better known as caribou or reindeer, is an herbivorous species living in the tundra. Tundras have a vastly cold climate, with limited vegetation. Caribou are similar to deer; however they are much bigger with a shoulder standing height of 2.8-4.9 feet, and females weigh 175 to 225 pounds, while males weigh about 350 to 400 pounds (Caribou). Reindeer were first found in Norway and were only known as Reindeer, once people started realizing how beneficial the Reindeer were…

Impacting the Nitrogen Cycle In this paper, I will be examining the nitrogen cycle and my personal impact on it. Firstly, I will briefly discuss the cycle of nitrogen in the biosphere and its importance to all living organisms. Secondly, I will be examining my personal involvement in the nitrogen cycle and the impact those actions have. Then, I will be looking at ways that my actions can be altered to benefit the environment and reduce my negative impact on the ecosystem. Finally, I will…