Electromagnetic spectrum

DeMaster, Pathman, Lee, and Ghetti (2014) found age-related differences in volumes of the hippocampal head, body, and tail, in children and young adults. They reported that better performance on an episodic memory task in adults was related to a smaller right hippocampal head and larger hippocampal body. However, in children between the ages of 8-11 years old, performance was related to a larger left hippocampal tail, suggesting that development of hippocampal subregions contributes to…

Tourette’s Syndrome Tourette’s syndrome (TS) is a neurological disorder defined by sudden, repetitive, involuntary movements or vocalizations called tics. The worst symptoms are first noticed in childhood before the age of 18 years with improvement into late teens and adulthood. Males are affected three to four times more often than females. Approximately 200,000 individuals have a severe form of TS. Tic disorders can occur in all ethnic and cultural groups and tend to be genetic. Evidence…

B R I E F H I S T O R Y O F A U T I S M The term autism was first used by a psychiatrist, Dr. Eugen Bleuler, in 1908 to describe patients with schizophrenia who withdrew themselves from reality. Originated from the Greek word, “autós” and autism was used by Bleuler to define these individuals with abnormal self admiration and severe withdrawal from others. Decades later, Hans Asperger and Leo Kanner pioneered into the research of autism. In 1943, child psychiatrist Leo Kanner…

Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC) is characterised by impairments in communication and socialisation, alongside repetitive and stereotyped behaviours (Association Psychiatric Association, 2013). Differences in risk of ASC are associated with socioeconomic disparities, whereby ASC tends to be overrepresented in high socioeconomic status (SES) families. Early clinical (Cox et al., 1975; Finnegan et al., 1979; Hoshino et al., 1982; McCarthy et al., 1979) and population-based studies (Bhasin &…

Autism and autism spectrum disease (ASD) are complex childhood developmental disorders characterized by impaired social interaction, which is a very devastating disease that affects the entire family. There are huge public and political attention turned to the topic that the MMR vaccine has possible association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ASD and autism. Previously, there was suggestion that if measles, mumps and rubella vaccines given separately, it could be beneficial and will…

What is autism? Autism is brain development disorder, when a child’s enhancement of cognitive ability ceases to progress into adulthood. Hans Asperger, who is one of the most known psychologists, concluded and mentioned that children who are struggling with autism have no problem in conversation, but they act as babies. His studies, however, did not clearly explain about autism. In 1970, Erica Foundation clearly explained about autism, therefore people could exactly know what autism is. People…

Most children develop speech and language without effort, although there is considerable variation in the rate at which children acquire language with approximately 7% of children demonstrating impairments in these skills. Understanding the influences on children’s language development in the general population may indicate potential avenues for the causes of these impairments which may lead to the development of new intervention methods. Those influences could be either internal to the child or…

life at one point or another in the United States. Vaccinations were created to rid the world of terrible diseases, but concerns now exist stating that a link between these vaccines ‒especially the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella vaccine‒ and autism spectrum disorder. Some individuals go further and believe that vaccines like the MMR vaccine cause children to become autistic. Parents now have to decide whether or not to vaccinate their children, a decision that could eventually mean life or death.…

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) is a type of triple repeat disorder that is prevalent in both males and females. FXS is inherited and causes the person to have an intellectual disability (Batshaw, Roizen, & Lotrecchiano, 2013). References Batshaw, M.L., Roizen, N.J., & Lotrecchiano, G.R. (2013). Children with Disabilities (7th ed.). Baltimore, MD: Brookes McDuffie, A., Machalicek, W. A., Bullard, L., Nelson, S., Mello, M., Tempero-Feigles, R., & ... Abbeduto, L. (2016). A…

How does the past events in one’s life affect him/herself and his/her actions? In the novel, Beloved by Toni Morrison, the protagonist, Sethe, is forced to undergo a scarring experience from the events that occurred while being enslaved. After being sent to Sweet Home, the feeling of oppression and abuse from the violent and destructive acts affects Sethe to the point where she ends up making an irreversible decision. Morrison uses Sethe’s act in murdering her child and the effects of that event…