Drug injection

exposure to contaminated blood and blood products and often lead to co-infection. This has been shown by increased transmission occurring among injection drug users, primarily those under the age of thirty (Zibbell et al, 2015). Needle exchange programs have been used as a preventative strategy for reductions in HIV/Hepatitis C transmission among injection drug users. This case study will examine and compare three communities in regards to their practices, successes, and barriers to decreasing HIV/Hepatitis C transmission. Needle exchange is the process of providing clean needles in exchange for dirty needles to injection drug users (IDUs). Other necessary supplies are also provided such as alcohol wipes, tourniquets, other sterile injection equipment and condoms (National Alliance of State & Territorial AIDS Directors, 2012). Comprehensive programs link the IDUs to educational materials, HIV and Hepatitis C screenings, substance…

He describes there has been a wide range of harm reduction programs that attempt to advocate for injection drug users, due to the fact that HIV is primarily spread through injection drug use in Russia. These campaigns are a drastic change from when they would denied health care and then thrown in and out of prison by the police, Furthermore, Zigon states that state is only adopting human rights to the degree that it beneficial for them to maintain political, economic, and social stability. In…

According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2016a), approximately 3.5 million people in the United States are infected with Hepatitis C and more specifically, one third of all injection drug users ages 18-30 are currently infected. This outstanding number is in addition to the 1.2 million of the population who are currently infected with HIV (CDC, 2015a). Thusly, establishing its relevance to adults and their health. With injection drug use being at the top of the list for…

Intravenous (IV) drug use is a major cause of preventable transmission of blood-borne diseases in the United States. Within this realm, it is the common practice of sharing previously used needles that makes IV drug users more susceptible to contracting diseases such as Hepatitis C and HIV. In recent years across the United States and worldwide, a method of controlling dirty needle-sharing has been to provide access to clean needles and syringes, regardless of the intended use. Although the…

Syringe exchange programs reduce the spread of HIV and Hepatitis, as they help to remove contaminated needles from circulation. In addition, the syringe programs provide education and offer counseling for users who seek help. However, many argue that syringe exchange programs promote drug abuse and raise crime rates, but that is not true. In Duluth, Minnesota attempts to begin an exchange program met opposition due to these fears, but later when it opened in a new location, there were no issues.…

Now, Clayton Lockett is not the first to die from a botched lethal injection. Since “1985…over twenty-five botched executions have been reported, mostly based on direct observation” (Groner, Hippocratic, 2008, 896). Not only that, but lethal injections are supposed to be a humane way to die. In Lockett’s case and in others it was not. The physician could do nothing for him to try to save him so that the execution could take place another day. So what really is the role of the physician during…

Lethal injections have been a controversial topic for many centuries. People have many opinions as to if lethal injections are humane or if the act violates the Constitution. The use of lethal injections became a topic of interest around the 1980s. The first lethal injection execution was administered by Dr. Ralph Gray in 1982. The execution went successfully and from there the use of lethal injections became more popular, which started arguments as people expressed their opinions. For example,…

On Thursday an Ohio family witnessed their father’s execution, it was supposed to be a quick and painless injection, but ended with ten minutes of gasping and struggling. Because of this cruel execution, the family decided to file a lawsuit pertaining to the eighth Amendment. Dennis McGuire the father was put to death using a combination of drugs that had never been used before as a lethal injection. John Paul Rion the attorney representing the children of Dennis McGuire stated that the…

(npr.org) The death penalty is legal in 30 states in the U.S and has been around since the early 1600’s. (Zalan) There are many methods of the death penalty: lethal injection, firing squad, electrocution and even a gas chamber. (Muhlhausen) Some may be more painful than others, but they have been performed in many jails and correctional facility for many years, and against the inmates will. (usnews.com) Side one states that the death penalty should stay in the legal system due to the fact that…

Department of Correction. Mr. Baze and Mr. Bowling both argued and sued the Kentucky State Department of Correction that executing them by lethal injection would violate the Eighth Amendment prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. Now the government argued legal standard required that lethal injection must not inflict unnecessary pain. Mr. Baze and Mr. Bowling stated that the lethal chemicals Kentucky used to carry an unnecessary risk of inflicting pain during the execution.…