Dopamine

term alcohol abuse results in structural and functional changes in the brain, neuropharmacological reports suggest a neurological basis for alcohol addiction and abuse; dopamine neurotransmitter release in the region of the nuceaus accumbens has played a role in reinforcement (Di Chiara & Imperato, 1988 ). The release in of dopamine in the brain elicits a positive sensation which results in reward and reinforcement of repeated alcohol and drug use. Drugs of abuse and palatable foods containing…

Drugs are chemicals that affect the brain by tapping into its communication system and interfering with the way neurons normally send, receive, and process information. Some drugs, such as marijuana and heroin, can activate neurons because their chemical structure mimics that of a natural neurotransmitter. Drugs that enter the blood stream have faster and definitely more intense effects. The more directly the drug enters the bloodstream determines how fast and intense the drug will take effect.…

regarding the complexities of the human brain. However, the monoamine theory, hypothesizes that a predisposition to depression can occur in individuals whose serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine have been depleted (Bunney & Davis 1965; Delgado 2000; Hirschfield 2000) Serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine are neurotransmitters responsible for regulating mood, focus and motivation by carrying chemical signals from one part of the brain to another, however, in depressed patients, these signals…

administration the time it takes to affect the body will vary. Eventually the drug gets distributed to the rest of the body via the bloodstream. This stimulant, when abused, can wreak havoc on the brain and body because it increases the synaptic levels of dopamine, serotonin (5-HT), and norepinephrine and has adrenergic agonist effects. It affects the entire body through the loss of hair, to irregular heartbeat, and finally to involuntary muscle spasms. Meth is metabolized through the liver and…

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic disorder that causes progressive movement debilitation. It has been found that this progressive impairment is due to deterioration of neurons in the substantia nigra; this consequently suppresses the production of dopamine. Because this chemical messenger is what initiates movement, those that suffer from Parkinson’s experience symptoms such as tremors, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. Parkinson’s research also focuses on the protein…

This causes the nervous system cells to die, but the scientist is still trying to discover why these cells are dying. The question you might be thinking now is what is dopamine? Is it a drug or a chemical? Google defines dopamine as “a compound present in the body as a neurotransmitter and a precursor of other substances including epinephrine. “Sometimes repeated head trauma can increase the chances of getting this disease. One of the greatest heavyweight…

The basal ganglia plays a vital role in the way movement happens and when dopamine does not follow the path that it is suppose to, it hinders body movement. Parkinson’s disease is often known as PD and it is a progressive neurological condition, which means the sickness and symptoms get more severe as time goes on (Noble, 2007). Out of all the neurodegenerative disorders, PD is the second most common one (Noble, 2007). It happens amongst 1% of the population older than sixty years. (Samii, 2004)…

Parkinson 's Disease is caused by the death of dopamine-generating cells in a region in the midbrain called the substantia nigra. When dopamine levels decrease, it causes abnormal brain activity, leading to signs of Parkinson 's disease. The dopamine released by nerve cells of the substantia nigra stimulates another brain region, the corpus striatum. Without enough dopamine, the corpus striatum cannot control its targets, and so on down the line. Ultimately,…

affects a person's nervous system, making them have trouble moving. A human has certain kinds of nerve cells in the brain called dopamine, these cells transmit and send signals to the brain allowing a person to control their movement. When these cells start breaking down and having problems, they cause a person to lose their control of movement, due to the lack of dopamine. PD is not a communicable disease – it doesn't spread from one person to another. Instead it is an environmental and genetic…

The focus of the research was to understand if cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) has the ability to protect and restore dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal system following the injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The research was conducted because there has not been a study conducted on the MPTP Parkinson’s disease model with the treatment of CDNF. C57/B16 mice were used as the research subjects. The hypothesis was first tested by injecting the…