Dopamine

Stimulants, such as Adderall, work by increasing dopamine levels in the brain (Bratsis). The effects of stimulants are by slow and steady increases of dopamine. This is typically the way dopamine is produced in the brain, but when diseases like ADHD occur, dopamine levels tend to decrease (Bratsis). However, when individuals with regular dopamine levels use stimulants that further increase the dopamine levels, some negative side effects can result; especially, when stimulants…

Love comes in many forms and is shown differently by almost everyone, thus making it nearly impossible to pinpoint whether or not a couple’s love is true. In the past, poets used the theme of love and made personal views on affection through their work to argue their opinions on the topic of love. In the poem “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” John Donne argues that having a physically intimate relationship means that the love between two people is shallow, however I disagree and feel that a…

They lower neurotransmission in the four dopamine pathways. Typical antipsychotics have a high affinity for D2 receptors or dopamine receptors. Second generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics are serotonin-dopamine antagonists. They do so by blocking serotonin receptors. This is due to the high affinity for 5-HT2A receptors. It also dissociates from D2 receptor easily while being an agonist with 5-HT1A receptors. This increases dopamine release and reduce glutamate release.…

psychological dependency. When a user attempts to cut out the drug, whether it be “cold turkey” or slowly, they will have withdrawal that includes fever, sweating, nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, and muscle cramps. Emotional effects caused by the imbalance of dopamine and other such substances include, but are not limited to: paranoia, confusion, mood swings, depression, and anxiety…

Antidepressant medications are an effective way to combat depression and are worth the risk of their side effects. Commonly described as an imbalance of hormones in the body, depression is a serious affliction. Typically, the chemicals serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine are the neurotransmitters…

Imagine living in a world where there was a cure for cancer and genetic diseases. Although it may sound impossible, it has already been done. With gene therapy, which is a technique where a gene that is either defective or missing is replaced with healthy ones through genetic engineering, doctors are able to treat people with cancer and immunodeficiencies. Immunodeficiencies are, “Rare but life-threatening genetic diseases that severely compromise the integrity and function of the immune…

Nursing Diagnoses When dealing with schizophrenia there are so many nursing diagnoses to work with, beginning with self- harm acts and going to inability to thrive socially, mentally, and physically. The first diagnoses, is ineffective coping. Defined by NANDA-I as the inability to form a valid appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use available resources, defining characteristics such as destructive behavior toward self, difficulty…

“iGeneration” is a play on the marketing gimmick used by the Apple company with products like “iPod,” “iPad,” and, iTunes. The company will indicate that the product is part of the Apple brand by adding a lowercase “i” to the beginning of the product name. The fictional product “iCat” would be instantly recognizable as an Apple brand cat was such a thing available on the market. Therefore, “The iGeneration” refers to a generation of young people who grew up with a high exposure to technology,…

directly apply those drugs in order to fix any abnormality in the progress of cell signaling. One of the potential causes of Parkinson’s disease is the shortage of dopamine. That’s why dopamine agonists are used to treat some of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Taking those medications are efficient way to increase the concentration of dopamine level and maintain the normalcy of cell signaling. Despite we need to continue to improve our comprehension of the idea of cell signaling, we can…

an intense need to calm down and to use more alcohol. Drinking alcohol also stimulates the release of other neurotransmitters (serotonin, dopamine, and opioid peptides) that produce pleasurable feelings such as euphoria, a sensation of being rewarded, and a sense of well-being. Over time, however, heavy alcohol use appears to deplete the stores of dopamine and serotonin. Persistent drinking, therefore, eventually fails to restore mood, but by then the drinker has been conditioned to believe…