Coronary circulation

arteries may develop fibrous atheromatous plaque2. The plaque initially begins as a whitish-grey coating lining the artery. As the plaque increases in size, the artery can become very narrow and blocked3. This can block blood flow and obstruct circulation. Hard plaque formations can cause the arteries to become stiff and inflexible, the main contributor to cardiovascular disease4. Softer plaque formations are more likely to break-free and cause a blood clot, which can block…

and have decreased contractility, leading to cardiogenic shock (insufficient cardiac output). Dobutamine counters this and therefore maintains systemic perfusion, reduces pulmonary venous pressure (alleviates pulmonary oedema) and also maintains coronary artery perfusion (prevents further ischemic injury of the heart) (Lehne, Moore, Croby, & Hamilton, 2012). Explain to Mrs Kelly the rationale for giving the medication and the need for frequent monitoring. Advise her to inform nurse immediately…

Individual female subject results were; supine 116/75 mmHg, sitting 118/76 mmHg, and standing 120/72 mmHg. When comparing the results to the class, subject’s systolic blood pressure was lower and diastolic was higher than the class average in the supine position. The subjects pulse pressure PP was 40, lower than the class of 46 and female average of 45 while, MAP was 93, higher than the class average of 89 but lower than the female average of 95. When subjects were standing blood pressure…

The primary survey carried out in ED for Mrs. Kelly included assessment of the airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure, fluids, and glucose levels (utilization of A-G assessment format). The assessment of the airway showed no signs of obstruction or noisy breathing and the patient was breathing spontaneously, able to talk in full sentences. The airway assessment is done to ensure that airway is patent (Jarvis, 2012). Mrs. Kelly’s airway was open and this assessment is usually…

luminal projections known as trabeculations. These spongy collections of trabeculations serve to increase the surface contact of the ventricular lumen and myocytes as myocardial mass increases prior to the development of the coronary arteries. As the coronary circulation develops from the epicardium to the endocardium, the ventricular myocardium undergoes compaction into organized myocyte bundles from the base to the apex of the heart. Compaction is typically greater in the left ventricle…

1. INTRODUCTION The French paradox describes the lowered incidences of coronary heart diseases (CHD) in French people with respect to their diet which consists of high amounts of saturated fats. It is one of the many paradoxes with examples such as the Israeli paradox, which shows that although having a diet low in saturated fats, the Israeli Jews have increased incidences of CHD . This paradoxical event caused elevated interest in the causative factor that can seemingly lower the incidences of…

Problem #1 Diabetes Mellitus. Mr. Borg is borderline obese, with a BMI of 29.3. He has had a 40 pound weight gain in the past 10 years, and does not follow any specific diet plan. As reported by Mrs. Borg, he drinks two to four alcohol beverages a day. His hemoglobin A1c was high at 11.2%, indicating that his type 2 diabetes is poorly controlled (See Table 8). Mrs. Borg also reports that Mr. Borg has had decreased energy levels, difficulty losing weight, and no motivation. Per Mrs. Borg, he…

gum and patches contain less nicotine than cigarettes, and can be helpful to reduce the stress of smoking cessation. Discussing regular exercise and how important it is to the PVD patient. Exercise helps to promote the development of collateral circulation to ischemic tissues, and can help slow the progression of atherosclerosis. Keep the extremities warm. By doing so, heat is conserved, arterial blood flow is promoted, and vasospasm is reduced. Avoid using heating blankets or hot water…

The study used a postmortem MSCT exam. They can use this scan to reconstruct any 2- or 3-dimensional views from the data set and also reconstruct 3-dimensional views to show soft tissues and bone. One disadvantage to this exam is that there is no circulation in a dead body, so it cannot be used to answer questions regarding the assessment of vascular flow and detailed vascular morphology, tissue perfusion, bleeding sites, or tissue differentiation. Based on the information in this study about…

Diabetes Mellitus is a hormonal disorder of the pancreas. Diabetes Mellitus is a lifelong metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from a lack of insulin, which requires lifestyle and behavioral changes. There are three types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2 that are separate and distinct pathophysiological entities, and Gestational Diabetes. According to Kowalski (2012 p.1294) “Type 1 Diabetes results from destruction of the pancreatic beta cells because the beta cells of the…