Coronary stent

Chapter 4 STENT DESIGNS Stents are small meshed spring like tubular structures used in angiolplasty to treat the narrow or weak coronary arteries that carry blood. The implantation of stent prevents the arteries from blowing out for a longer duration after surgery. One of the causes for blockage of arteries is the plaque deposition in the inner parts that eventually block the blood flow and may also lead to heart attacks. Stents are embedded in the arteries by the process called as PCI. In PCI stents circum surfaces a balloon attached to a flexible tube which is inserted in the body through thighs. After reaching the desired location, balloon is inflated in…

Coronary artery disease continues to maintain its status as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. It is a high priority of clinicians not only to manage the acute symptoms of coronary artery disease, but also to prevent future major adverse cardiac events, such as acute myocardial infarction and cardiac death. Percutaneous coronary intervention is a nonsurgical procedure to treat atherosclerosis within the heart’s vessels (cite). Percutaneous coronary intervention, a…

CORONARY STENTS Before stents were used, balloon angioplasty was used to treat narrowed coronary arteries. This involved inserting a very thin, long, balloon-tipped tube into an artery where there was a blockage. The balloon at the tip of the catheter was inflated to compress the blockage and restore blood flow. It was then deflated to remove the catheter and balloon but because no support was left at the site of the blockage, in some cases, the artery collapsed. This is why small stents were…

Coronary artery disease (CAD) results when our body’s coronary arteries become damaged. Our coronary arteries are important because “they supply our heart with blood, oxygen, and nutrients” (Coronary artery disease, 2014). Our arteries typically get damaged because of plaque and inflammation developing inside them. “The buildup of plaque causes our arteries to become narrower and that decreases our blood flow to our heart” (Coronary artery disease, 2014). This decreased blood flow can cause…

Exercise, being fit, and staying active are all important for maintaining one’s health. Exercise is important because it controls weight, and is beneficial to the mind and body. Without exercise, being inactive can lead to diseases such as coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, and colon cancer, according to Harvard researchers. Coronary heart disease, or Atherosclerosis, is a disease in which plaque, a waxy substance, is built up in the coronary arteries. Plaque can harden or break open after a…

An invasive approach including percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves clinical outcomes in clients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and in clients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTEACS) (Mehta et al., 2012). Periprocedural major bleeding is a strong autonomous predictor of early and late major adverse cardiovascular events and mortality (Bertrand, Larose, & Rodes-Labau, 2009; Verneugt, Steinhubl, & Hamon, 2011; as cited in Bernat et…

1. In 500 of your own words describe the benefit of designing a combination therapy of active treatment and imaging agent for use in patients with coronary artery disease. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of the global mortality and morbidity of 17 million people. Surgical procedures currently combating this disease are percutaneous coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting; both risking vein graft failure or restenosis; requiring further surgical intervention, drug or…

Peripheral vascular disease is condition that applies when the arteries in the human body narrow, often away from the major heart or brain organs. When this occurs in these two vital organs, these conditions are known each as coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease, respectively. Peripheral vascular disease is often found to affect the legs. The common symptoms for this disease include pain along the leg while walking and even when found at rest. In the affected leg, the nails and…

(1999), nurses new to the cardiac catheterization laboratory must learn “a complex web of knowledge associated with the functioning of the discourse community” (p.193). This complex web of knowledge includes not only the community’s values and goals, but the communication processes derived from the goals (Beaufort, 1999). The cardiac catheterization laboratory discourse community’s primary goal is to provide quality patient care in a safe, professional, and efficient manner. Members of the…

Many patients that undergo vascular interventions such as angiographies, stent or inferior vena cava filter placement that require radiographic imaging are at risk for contrast media induced nephropathy. This risk increases with age and with several comorbid conditions. Many aspects that can influence whether a patient may become affected by the contrast are noted in Pisanai et. al, in table 1. They are noted as “preexisting renal failure, diabetes, effective blood volume depletion,…