Control theory

Although this is the first time I heard about the Toulmin model, the information resources helped me to understand how this model works. The Toulmin Model constructs or analyzes a persuasive argument. Its name provides from its creator Stephen Toulmin. The Toulmin Method breaks an argument into six essential parts (claim, evidence, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifier) that weight and support points for both for and against the argument. The Toulmin Model provides an excellent method for…

“Alchemy was the beginning of chemistry. It is part of the history of science, which is the history of human interaction with nature, and humanity's attempts to harness the power of nature for very human needs and wants” (“The Magic and Myth of Alchemy”). Alchemists acted on the idea that nature had secrets to give and that it could be exposed through laboratory examination and experimentation. Regardless of their limited knowledge at the time, the work that the alchemists did provided the basis…

Science, or scientific research, is a collection of data that is recorded and then analyzed to answer a question or prove a theory. Science can be used to explain unknown phenomena or redefine a previous assumption. There are several elements of scientific research. The elements are as follows: public, objective, empirical, systematic, cumulative, predictive, and self-correcting. Together these elements create the guidelines of scientific research. Therefore, using these elements, the…

The book “The Monkey’s Paw” and the play that we went and watched at ISU were same at some points but they were also different at some spots. The book, like all books, went deeper than the play did. In fact, the book was actually more enjoyable for me because I understood it more. I loved watching the play and reading the book, and now i’m going to compare and contrast them. The plot of the story differed in some spots but in most spots it was the same. One of them is when Mrs. White goes…

does not have a control group? It is difficult to draw a conclusion from an experiment that does not have a control group, because it leaves more possibilities about what could have actually occurred during the experiment. This means that you may think you are right, but because you did not have a control group to eliminate extra possibilities there is actually a different solution to your problem and your solution is false. This is proven when the book states that without the control group of…

Deception and differential distribution of benefits are two major ethical issues in experimental design research. Deception is when subjects are misled about procedures despite “informed consent” and distribution of benefits is how much researchers influence the benefits of treatment subjects receive may not receive; however both issues can be essential in experimental research (Bachman and Schutt, 2014) Deception is generally used in laboratory settings. Deception in research is an ethical…

civilization were the scientific theories and explanations that famous philosophers and scientists created. However, during this time period, scientists and philosophers did go through the modern scientific method when creating a theory. The scientists of that time came up with conclusions founded on false ideas and assumptions based on religious variables, thus, creating an array of erroneous conclusions. (Scientific Revolution). Although many of the original theories during this time period…

Among the responses from the 125 undergraduates, an overwhelming amount of them cited Scientific Evidence as the main reason why they believed in the existence of entities they cannot personally observe. Within this group of responses, some were simplistic and direct, while others used examples that trace back to scientific evidence as the main justification. Regardless of how simplistic or complex the response was, the underlying similarity among these responses is the adherence to the…

because they lack scientific evidence. Therefore, this paper will focus solely on theories that are substantiated with evidence. The three most prominent and well supported theories argue that life came to existence inside hydrothermal vents, hydrothermal impact crater-lakes, and terrestrial, anoxic geothermal vents; these theories claim that life originated inside Earth and this notion is well supported. The correct theory must be able account for the fact that life emerged roughly 3.8 billion…

People confuse theories with laws in science all the time. An accepted scientific theory does not need to be a law to be considered truthful. A scientific law, on the other hand is in itself a theory that has gain more universal acceptance. However, a scientific law can, even though rarely, be changed if new information is acquired. The problem is when people believe that because theories and very few times laws are reconsidered and changed they should always look science with skepticism, but…