Chemical bonding

First all you need is a smooth surface with a thin layer of catalyst, which is a chemical that initiates the production of the nanotubes. Then a mix of gasses is needed filled with carbon atoms leads to a special furnace. When you place the smooth surface and catalyst into the furnace it heats up the carbon gas at around 1500° F. The…

Chalcone and Pyrylium Syntheses and Analyses Done by: Natalie Almond & Sophie Troyer in approved collaboration Introduction Photoredox catalysis uses light to excite the catalytic compounds, producing an effective oxidizing agent.1 The oxidizing agent can remove an electron from the desired compound for reaction, making it easier to synthesize molecules.1 One example of the utility of photoredox catalysis is the “production of lignan cyclobutanes,” which have many important pharmaceutical…

a site upstream from Goomboora Park. This site will be referred to as, Site 1. Measurements from Site 1 will be analysed and compared to water qualities recorded from previous years (2012, 2013, 2014, 2015). Water is a triatomic molecule, with a chemical formula of H20. At a temperature…

1.3. AMORPHOUS STATE The amorphous state of solids is composed of molecules that have a disordered arrangement, which do not constitute to the characteristic of the crystal grid and, therefore, have zero crystallinity. The distribution of molecules in the solid amorphous form is not entirely random as it is specific to a gaseous state because it has a certain degree of order between neighboring molecules. Due to the lack of regulation and the absence of a crystal grid, compared to the crystal…

1.3.: Chemical structure of a, b, g CDs. The characteristic structural features of CDs are depicted in Figure 1.3. On the side where the secondary hydroxyl groups are situated, the cavity is wider than on the other side where free rotation of the primary hydroxyls…

Identifying an Unknown Compound Using Various Chemical Analysis Techniques Joshua Nash and Aquilla Young Abstract The introduction of this lab report exposes the reader to the different scientific concepts that are to be used such as melting point calculations, retention factors, and solubility in various aqueous solutions. The experimental provides the basics of using a melting point apparatus, determining solubility, and performing thin layer chromatography. In the results section the findings…

The aim of this experiment is to reduce chromium (III) to chromium (II) using Zinc as an oxidising reagent using Schlenk techniques in the inert gas atmosphere using Nitrogen. The goal is not to let oxidation happen that will prevent the formation of chromium (II) species. Also, the aim of this experiment is to successfully form chromium (II) acetate, to find its percentage yield and to conduct IR analysis to prove the success of the reaction as well as the purity of the compound. Magnetic…

pesticides, dyes, textile treatment agents, fungicides, and pharmaceuticals through further reactions of substitution, catalytic reduction, metal hydride reduction, diborane reduction, ketone formation with organometallic reagents, electrophile bonding at oxygen, and condensation (Werpy et al, 2004). CHAPTER 2 PROCESS BACKGROUND 1. THE PROCESSES Basically, there are three famous processes used in the production of adipic acid. They are the production from…

Alyssa Eaves Professor David Bergbreiter CHEM 227 22 November 2014 Dmitri Mendeleev: A Biography Today in American classrooms, the name Dmitri Mendeleev conjures up the sole image of a periodic table, secure and immutable with all its ordered numbers and letters marching along in dependable patterns. More than one hundred years ago in Imperial Russia, the name Dmitri Mendeleev would call to mind séance scandals, economic tariffs, hot air balloon rides, a nationwide push for the metric system…

How the changing mass of solute effects the heat given out when dissolved in water Aim To investigate how the changing mass of a solute will affect the energy given out. Introduction Dissolving is when a solute is mixed into a solvent to form a solution. Dissolving can be either endothermic or exothermic. Endothermic reactions happen when the energy given out when bonds are broken, is greater than the energy given out when bonds are made. As more energy is used and taken in, the surroundings…