Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

was very unappealing to Luther, and he voiced his opinion very blatantly in his piece, the 95 Theses. This piece of writing had quite a big impact on this revolution, it “began as a theological debate in a provincial university soon engulfed the Holy Roman Empire. Luther’s earliest supporters included younger Christian humanists and clerics who shared his critical attitude toward the church establishment. None of these Evangelicals, as they called themselves, came from the upper echelons of the…

The Habsburg family was a major power throughout Europe for nearly 750 years. They managed to move themselves up from being just a family with a castle to one of the largest empires Europe has ever seen. Throughout their reign, the family saw some losses of land, but many more gains. They fought battles against their major enemies, the French and the Ottomans. They married nearly every royal family in Europe, until there was no more room left to expand. With hard work and intelligence, the…

the entirety of Western Europe. Additionally, Roman Catholic popes found themselves…

The Thirty Years War was the last major war of the Protestant Reformation. The war took place from 1618 till 1648. The war began in the Holy Roman Empire and most of the war was actually fought in the Holy Roman Empire. The ruler of the Holy Roman Empire was catholic but the majority of the people he was ruling were Protestant. The Habsburg rulers granted Protestants toleration through a Letter of Majesty. Eventually when Ferdinand the second took over he revoked the Letter of Majesty which left…

In October of 1740, Charles VI died. It was time for Maria Theresa, then 23 years old, to succeed to the Habsburg throne. Subjects of her crown lands—the Austrian duchies and Netherlands, and Bohemia and Hungary—were quick to accept Maria Theresa as their empress. But Maria Theresa immediately faced resistance to her succession from European powers who had previously agreed to her father’s Pragmatic Sanction. Under the leadership of Frederick II, King of Prussia, those powers formed a coalition…

brought some comfort to the civilians, that finally after all the years an end to the war was in sight. The Thirty Years war changed the face of European policy, declined Spain as a power in Europe and a necessity to go back to a constitutional Holy Roman Empire was…

evangelists and shares similar characteristics with Byzantine art, it draws upon the characteristic of being flat and adorns with a wide color pallet. Shown seated, crowned, and holding a golden orb and scepter, emperor Otto the 3rd stares at man with hypnotic eyes, showing as Holy Roman emperor dressed in green and…

transformation. As the authority of the Roman Catholic Church waned, European power consolidated with a number of centralized states. Authority manifested itself in different ways; leaders displayed acts of absolute authority under a single monarch in places such as France, but as time progressed the French increasingly shifted toward a more constitutional authority. Since the adoption of Christianity as the official religion of the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church held considerable…

Mustapha Mond Mustapha Mond is a controller for Western Europe, and he is one of the ten world controllers that are present in the World State in Brave New World. He is a “man of middle height, black-haired, with a hooked nose, full red lips, eyes very piercing and dark” (pg. 28). Mustapha Mond is considered to be a very high authority figure in this novel, because he is introduced as “fordship” and “Straight from the mouth of Ford himself”(pg. 29). Henry Ford is thought of very greatly in this…

Orlando Roman Intro: International Relations 8:00 a.m. T/R Project # 1 The Treaty of Westphalia Introduction The Treaty of Westphalia was a series of drafted peace treaties that went on in Central Europe between 1644 and 1648. The main purpose of the treaty was to end the Thirty Year War in the Holy Roman Empire and ultimately ended the Eighty Year war between Spain and the Dutch Republic as well. A total of 194 delegations representing a variety of European powers came together to ratify…