Peace of Westphalia

“There must be all sorts in the world.”[1] Cervantes. Besides Antarctica, few places on Earth are not ruled by a state today. Since the treaties consecrating the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, which ended the Thirty Years’ War, states have multiplied until they, now, cover most of the land surface on the planet.[2] As a consequence of these treaties, the Roman-Catholic Church started to lose influence. In the meantime, states gradually became the most important players on the international arena. States interactions have grown daily ever since. Mostly peaceful, these interactions regrettably often turned into conflicts, sometimes the bloodiest ones, even total monstrosities in some instances such as the two world wars. In trying to avoid reproducing…

Orlando Roman Intro: International Relations 8:00 a.m. T/R Project # 1 The Treaty of Westphalia Introduction The Treaty of Westphalia was a series of drafted peace treaties that went on in Central Europe between 1644 and 1648. The main purpose of the treaty was to end the Thirty Year War in the Holy Roman Empire and ultimately ended the Eighty Year war between Spain and the Dutch Republic as well. A total of 194 delegations representing a variety of European powers came together to ratify…

fighting the countries involved had the opportunity to sign the Peace of Westphalia, which gave us Alsace. Soon after this we engage in another war, The War of the League of Augsburg, which lasted for 9 years and one we lost. With the Treaty of Ryswick, we lost most of our land. Throughout this time the middle class never got better, in fact, as the monarchs showed more of their power with grand castles and lands we were forced to suffer and die for our country. I believe that the The Holy…

Council, from 1632 until Christina took the throne in 1644; during this period, the Lord High Chancellor served as the de facto head of state, and was either directly or indirectly responsible for the vast majority of Sweden’s advancements, both at home and abroad. What makes this significant is that for the first time in Swedish history, indeed in early modern European history, a non-royal with no influence from the church took control of the state in the absence of a reigning monarch, and gave…

Short Answer* 1. The peace of Westphalia end the thirty Years’ War between Spain, the Dutch and parts of German sects. It set the ground for modern sovereignty because before the war, Europe was under a feudal system. The treaty outlined state sovereignty and took away the power of the church by giving power to states within their own territory. 2. The constructivist theory states that society is constructed by norms and ideas. These Norms change within a scale. This scale ‘Norm emergence,…

deployment of UNAMSIL, violence had ceased and Sierra Leone had become a place of peace and prosperity. Comparatively, the DRC was in a similar state of war before UN deployment. However, post- intervention, very little progress had occurred and various rebel groups had infiltrated areas that were unpatrolled. An obvious difference between the two incidences was that the capacity of the operation deployed to the DRC (MONUC) was not readily outfitted for the geographical capacity of the state…

the Nobel Prize for peace in this year. Exactly three years ago, Malala Yousafzai was shot in his hometown by the Taliban, because she is struggling to achieve the goal of peace, education and equality. After she did exactly well what was needed to become healthy again, Malala published autobiography called I AM MALALA, she went on to win several awards from European Parliament Sakharov. Through the use of literary elements, Malala argues achieving the goal of peace, education and equality…

Kant’s essay ‘Perpetual Peace’ aims to provide the ideal conditions and institutions required to achieve long-term peace. Whilst Kant offers reasonable preliminary articles, they are inapplicable to the modern era of increasing military technology, economic interdependence, and human rights discourse. Kant further proposes concrete institutions, however, they are limited by: his universalistic notion that all Republics will avoid war regardless of national histories, his proposal of a federation…

Conflict resolution is a hard enough concept to grasp without throwing religion into the mix. Rabbi Amy Eilberg was not fazed by conquering both in her book From Enemy To Friend: Jewish Wisdom and the Pursuit of Peace. Rabbi Eilberg first decided to write her book on conflicts between faiths when she noticed her synagogue fighting ferociously about the events going on between Israel and Palestine, both in person and on a listserve. Horrified at how her peers were discussing the tragedy, she…

individual level of analyzing civil wars. The individual level of civil wars deals with the “elites in the government, the decision makers of the country involved in either the political or economic policies and fields of a country or both (Jesse & Williams 31). Greed creates an incentive to which individuals may try to influence those around them to rise up and take up arms in order that the individual gain more power or wealth in the process. Rui J.P. de Figueiredo Jr. and Barry R. Weingast,…