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support the network layer of the OSI model. The main differences of two protocols are provided in the section. The detail functionalities and operations of IPv4 can be found in RFC 791. IPv6 specification is in the RFC 2460. • Address IPv4 address has 4 bytes that is also equal to 32 bits long. An IPv4 address is separated into two section network part and host part. The category of the address determines the proportion of each part. The first section of an IPv4 address can define the different…

SYSTEM ANALYSIS, DESIGN & METHODOLOGY 3.1 INTRODUCTION Crystography is basically the adoption of two information hiding techniques and fusing them together in order to enhance data security. This concept is aim at intensifying security in instances in which data confidentiality is of utmost importance. This technique of data hiding enhances security since it involves the combination of two strong techniques. It would not only encrypt the data but also hide them in an unattractive body. The…

Steganography, or data hiding is the technique of embedding a message (pay¬load) in a medium (carrier), without causing suspicion about the existence of hidden data in the medium. The perturbations to the medium are carried out in such a manner that there is no perceivable noise component introduced. One way to illustrate the concept of steganography would be to analyze the Sim¬mons’ Prisoners’ problem. Two prisoners are allowed to communicate through a medium via an agent trusted by the warden.…

password. T.D.B Weerasinge used particular steps to calculate the secrecy in both scenarios: * Calculate how often each key byte has appeared in the key. * Calculate the probability of each byte appears (given the cipher) in the key and get the summation of Pc(K) * log2Pc(K) * Calculate how often each cipher byte has appeared in the cipher. * Calculate the probability of each byte appears in the key and get the summation. The results for Secrecy and Performance Analysis of Symmetric Key…

Have you ever wondered what type of Internet you would have if you ever lived out in the middle of nowhere? Would you be so lucky as to have a DSL or cable Internet connection? Satellite Internet or “Internet over Satellite (IoS)” might be your only choice. Hughes Net is one of the few IoS providers out there. If you do require IoS then you have to choose wisely. If you are looking for good customer service, service reliability, low cost, reasonable service plans, fast speeds, and no bandwidth…

MD5 is a calculation that is utilized to confirm information trustworthiness through the formation of a 128-piece message process from information input (which might be a message of any length) that is asserted to be as one of a kind to that particular information as a unique mark is to the particular person. Proposed where a vast record must be "compacted" in a safe way before being scrambled with a private key under an open key cryptosystem such as PGP. There are a lot of applications and we…

to nearest multiple of 32 return ((value-1)/32 + 1) * 32; // (e.g. 32->31->0->1->32, 196->195->6->7->224) // ^OPTIMIZE OPTION: USE BITWISE OPERATORS } // Function to calculate required size U32 adjust_size(U32 initial_size) { // Add 4 bytes because of header size U32 newSize = initial_size + 4; // Re-adjust…

this possible. b. 802.3 – Ethernet 802.3 is the standard which Ethernet operates by. The original 802.3 standard is 10mbps. Commonly, Ethernet networks transmit data in packets, as previously stated. A packet can be a minimum size of 72 bytes or a maximum of 1518 bytes. The most common topology for Ethernet is the star topology, which will be explained later in this report. c. 802.5 – Token Ring Originally, token ring operated at a speed of…

Cryptography is a science or art that protects data and information from unwanted intruders through transforming the information to a format that is unreadable. The people with the required authentication are the only ones can read or return the data to original form. It is a system dependant mainly on the usage of a key and the main basic principle of network security. Cryptography involves plain text, which is the text that someone will type in a form that is understandable to the human. This…

The 10/90 rule explains about how a Web Analyst leverages the gap between Technology, Process and People. As technology is required to capture the data, and technology is necessary to actually access and crunch the data. Technology alone, especially when it comes to data, is a critical component, but it is by no means the dominant part of the triangle. Most of the fortune 500 companies think of People first, then the Process and finally Technology. The strategic planning Business objectives are…