Brachiocephalic artery

which fibrinous plaques, called atheromas, develop within the walls of the arteries, impairing the flow of blood. High levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), a component of cholesterol, are a major contributor to the formation of atheromas. A myocardial infarction occurs when a plaque completely occludes a coronary artery, or when an emboli travels to the coronary artery. (VanMeter & Hubert, 2014). When a coronary artery becomes occluded, oxygenated blood cannot reach the surrounding cardiac…

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) CDC says that it is lead cause of death for ages 65 years and up. It depends on how well your physical health is, when you do the basics of taking care of yourself as far as. The use of medications and how often you exercise can help with your health and risk for heart disease. When your ancestors are involved into genetics of heart disease as far as CHF is can also be very difficult from not getting it passed onto you. Congestive Heart Failure can be very…

Case Study 5 – AB As discussed in case 3, septic shock results from widespread inflammation and vasodilation in response to an infection. Norepinephrine is useful in septic shock because it increases afterload to maintain adequate tissue perfusion (De Becker et al., 2012). Dobutamine is an inotropic drug used in septic shock as it stimulates myocardial beta-adrenergic receptors thus increasing cardiac output by increasing contractility and heart rate (Dellinger et al., 2013; Enrico et al.,…

The renal artery supplies blood to the kidney. The human kidneys receive approximately 25% of the blood pumped. Blood enters the capillaries of the nephron through the afferent arteriole. It then flows through the glomerulus and into the efferent arteriole. The varying sizes of these arterioles help to create the hydrostatic pressure and to maintain consistency of glomerular capillary pressure and renal blood flow within the glomerulus Before returning to the renal vein, blood from the…

The metabolic regulation of arteriolar vascular resistance is variably affected by CO2, O2, pH/lactate formation, adenosine, and nitric oxide. Neurogenic regulation refers to sympathetic tone on the cerebral arteries leading to mild tonic vasoconstriction, allowing for higher limits on the autoregulation curve; in contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system plays little role in cerebral autoregulation . Measuring the limits of cerebral vascular autoregulation…

I am going to be doing Long QT Syndrome because it is something I can relate to in real life. Long QT syndrome is a disorder of your heart and affects electrical activity. The symptoms of Long QT are dizziness, unexplained fainting, feeling faint, and black outs WIth a bad enough symptom and no treatment then it can cause uncontrollable arrhythmias and maybe even death. A fun fact is that I actually have long QT Syndrome. So every year I go to the cardiologist to get a heart monitor. I also…

The arteries are blood vessels that deliver oxygen and nutrients to all organs in the body during the heart pulses. During the blood circulation a pressure is exerted on the walls of the blood vessels or arteries. The case where the ability of such walls to expand or contract in response to blood pressure changes is called Arterial Stiffness (AS). Arteries need to be flexible to expand when oxygen is needed by muscles and heart, and stiffening of the arteries place an extra load on heart which…

Mitral Valve Prolapse is a very common heart condition; with one in four people having it with a lot of them not even knowing they have it. Mitral Valve Prolapse is the improper closure of the valve in the heart between the upper and lower chambers. The mitral valve in the heart consists of two flaps and when they do not close properly, it causes the prolapse. It can cause extra blood to leak into the heart. Mitral Valve Prolapse consists of two forms, classic and non-classic. Classic is when…

Heart rate variability is the normal beat-to-beat alterations of heart rate and reflects the ANS’s ability to respond to the environment (McMillan, 2002). Heart rate variability measurements were obtained from 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram recordings and derive from the analysis of consecutive R-R intervals (Gang & Malik, 2003). The predominant method for analysis of HRV is time and frequency domain analysis, and these measurements also provide information about ANS activity (Gang &…

Orthostatic Hypotension has several key factors that help contribute to the cause of this condition. This condition usually occurs when something disrupts the body's normal course of counteracting low blood pressure. This condition is common in people over the age of 65. Dehydration causes orthostatic hypotension by your body losing blood volume. Some heart conditions such as bradycardia, heart valve problems, heart attack, and heart failure can cause this condition by preventing the body from…