Behaviorism

As students taking psychology at Hood College, we started to learn about the branches of conditioning. After learning about this we were then asked to observe 3 different commercials that were very peculiar because they seemed normal to the naked eye. But after analyzing it more closely we saw a few different types of conditions being present. The types of condition that were perceived were classical conditioning, operant conditioning and observational learning. To start off, classical…

Emma Asta PSYC 251 Nebel-Schwalm 15 September 2016 The Humanistic and Behavioral Theories The Humanistic Theory was developed by Carl Rogers around the nineteenth century. Unlike most personality theories that existed at the time, the humanistic approach shed a much more positive light on behavior by focusing on human existence overall, claiming that “human beings are born with a natural tendency to be friendly, cooperative, and constructive” (Comer 65). In addition, all humans have the…

Hall (1966) describes personal space as the “small protective sphere or bubble that an organism maintains between itself and others” (Hall 1996: p112). In the book ‘The Silent Language’, Hall proposed that while animals use their urine and physical posturing to mark their territory, humans do something similar using our personal space. The proxemics theory suggests that the distance between individuals help to control the amount of sensory information exchanged and thus, helping to control the…

Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1896-1934) is a Russian psychologist whose many interests included the domains of child development, developmental psychology, and education. Vygotsky was instructed through an extended critical inquiry and philosophical discussions, known as Socratic dialogue (Haider &Yasmin, 2015). This type of education greatly influenced Vygotsky’s views on the relevance and role of social dialogue and interaction as well as the cultural environment in the learning and development…

LeBon (1896/1908) claimed that the individual’s behaviour was modified from a civil and rational manner to animalistic behaviour (LeBon, 2001 and Gough & McFadden, 2001). Other psychologists (e.g. Festinger, Pepitone & Newcomb, 1952) developed LeBon’s notions on crowd behaviour to establish the ‘deindividuation’ theory. Zimbardo (1970) expanded the concept by arguing that while being in crowds, people feel anonymous and therefore lack a feeling of responsibility. Subsequently, the individual…

Cognitive therapy was founded by Aaron Beck, and he based this therapeutic approach on two main ideas. The first idea is that individuals who are depressed have a negativity bias in their thinking, and the second idea is that the way individuals interpret the events around them contributes to the maintenance of their depression (Ball, n.d.). In a more refined sense by Ball (n.d.) it can be said that cognitive therapy is based on the premise that it is not the event itself that the individual…

2.7 Dual task: association among cognitive training, transfer training and psycho-motor training (Reuter et al. 2012) The goal of this study was to assess whether a multi-modal cognitive rehabilitation, in association with a motor programme could have a better therapeutic outcome than a purely cognitive treatment. Three types of treatment were compared: A. Cognitive training; B. Cognitive training, transfer training; C. Cognitive training, transfer training, pyschomotor and resistance training.…

How did Jack London view animal behavior? The way he portrays animal behavior makes people believe that it is the way he views it. He portrays animal behavior as animals being able to adapt to their environment. Humans are just like animals because humans are able to adapt as well. Humans have to adapt to society and different characteristics. There are different environments that humans need to adapt relating to animals. The story shows love and anger with the dogs especially Buck. In…

“What are the core assumptions and key features of the biological and psychoanalytic perspectives in psychology? In what ways are they similar and how do they differ?” Two major areas within psychology include the biological and psychoanalytical perspectives. The biological perspective assumes that all our behaviours must have a basis in our physiology and treats humans as any other organism (Glassman & Hadad, 2009). The biological perspective’s main aims are to discover the psychological basis…

In Eduardo Kohn’s “How Dogs Dream”, Kohn delves into the life of the Upper Amazonian Runa and attempts to analyze dogs’ dreams by understanding the relationship of the Runa with other lifeforms. Unlike previous frameworks of anthropology, Kohn focuses not only on “the human” and their interpretation of their culture, but Kohn studies the interactions between humans and the nonhuman selves of the Amazon. The core mission of anthropology seeks to understand the differences of language, culture,…