Virulence

1) How should a urine sample be collected to ensure accurate laboratory results? As a nurse, what can you do to encourage this practice? A urine specimen can me collected in many ways: clean-catch method, by using a catheter, suprapubic, cystoscopy, and nephrostomy. Edith is a patient that could easily use the clean-catch method. This method is for patients that can understand instructions for depositing urine into a sterile cup. The female patient is to first wash her hands to avoid…

the pathogen. It also increasing the resistance to killing by human leukocytes and elevated levels of virulence in animal models of necrotizing fasciitis (11). Other researchers have found that when isolating streptolysin O from the pathogen, it is very easy to kill the pathogen by normal immune responses (12). With streptolysin O being the only thing that gives group a streptococcus its virulence, researchers have been able to refine their approach to finding a more specific answer. The most…

Abstract Smallpox is a highly infectious disease caused by the Variola virus. This report explores the taxonomic classification, “life cycle”, and mechanism of replication of this pathogen, as well as discusses the virulence and treatment options for an infected human host. This member of the Orthopoxvirus genus is extremely virulent, and has a fatality rate of nearly 30%. While this virus only attacks a human host, similar members of the Voxviridae family produce similar infections in animals.…

IV. Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus A. Mode of Pathogenicity Staphylococcus aureus is both a commensal bacterium and a versatile pathogen. It is commensal because it can harmlessly colonize in the nares, axillae, vagina, pharynx, or damaged skin surfaces (Jenkins et al. 2015). Commensal bacteria supports the superficial layer of our body from pathogenic bacteria. For instances, S. aureus produces bacteriocins (toxins created by bacteria) that impedes pathogenic staphylococcal organism…

Western Hemisphere. The West Nile virus has been reported in 44 states and the District of Columbia; the reported human cases have been in 39 states and the District of Columbia. In the early 1990s, a virus subtype with greater epidemic potential and virulence facilitated the geographic expansion and westward spread of WNV; in 1999 the West Nile virus first appeared in the Western hemisphere. The broad host and vector range in much of the region, that there is little chance of that it would be…

with pathogenic potential to both humans and animals causing three general clinical syndromes: (1) enteric/diarrhoeal disease, (2) urinary tract infections (UTIs) and (3) sepsis/meningitis (Kaper et al., 2004). However, this bacteria uses different virulence factors to cause the above-mentioned clinical syndromes (Croxen and Finlay, 2010; Kaper et al., 2004). The E. coli producing pore forming toxin α-hemolysin causing bacteraemia/sepsis causes degradation of Bcl-XL protein among platelets via…

Listeria monocytogenes (L.monocytogenes) is a gram-positive bacterium that is an intracellular human pathogen. L.monocytogenes can persist in vast environmental and animal reservoirs including but not limited: food processing plants, dairy milking equipment, wild birds, and silage (1–3). L.monocytogenes can be seeded into environmental reservoirs through exit of carriers or animal reservoirs by secretion in feces. Handling of equipment used in the production of food for human consumption near or…

the elderly. The diagnosis of E. coli found in an elderly woman, Doris, makes sense especially with someone who has a history of UTI and kidney infections. Additionally, this species can acquire virulence factors encoded on their plasmids or in bacteriophage DNA, causing some strains to have enhanced virulence. E. coli 0157:H7 is a particularly virulent strain that has been linked with multiple kinds of contaminated food and has caused many deaths². This strain of E. coli forms a toxin that…

Abstract Biofilms cause many problems in the drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) and are difficult to remove via conventional disinfection methods. Halogenated furanones produced by Delisea pulchra can hinder biofilm formation and maintenance and look promising as an alternative solution that can be used either as a preventive measure or co-treatment against biofilms in DWDS. However, limited toxicology studies that have been done on halogenated furanones formed as by-products of…

Neonatal sepsis is defined as clinical syndrome in an infant 28 days of life or younger,manifested by systemic signs of infection and isolation of a bacterial pathogen from the bloodstream (Edwards ms and baker cj 2004). Diagnosis and management of sepsis are agreat challenge facing neonatologists in nicus.clinical diagnosi of presentation is difficult due to non specific signs and symptoms . In addition,laboratory diagnosis is time consuming.this matter necessitates the initiation of empirical…