Virulence

[6], and Helicobacter pylori . Approximately 15% of stomach cancer has been linked with H. pylori’s stomach colonization [7]. As a result, Helicobacter pylori has been classify as a direct carcinogen agent towards humans due to the fact that it’s virulence presents a high risk for cancer development [8]. Helicobacter pylori is a motile gram-negative, curved, microaerophilic bacteria that has the ability to colonize and sustain its survival in the harsh environment of the stomach [9] [7]. An…

1. Non-pathogen name: Bacillus subtilis 2. Description of non-pathogen: B. subtilis is a mesophilic, gram-positive bacillus that is commonly found in soil, although it can also survive in plants (1). B. subtilis are facultative aerobes, using butanediol fermentation or nitrated ammonification when oxygen is unavailable (1). The bacillus is motile by using a single flagellum and commonly forms biofilms which contain several B. subtilis all traveling in the same direction (1). It has a circular…

Immunization Immunization immunization, what an important impact immunization had on our society, country and the world. Before we understood disease and its causes, humans just accepted the fact that some people just were prone to certain illness and some where not. Then as technology advanced we began to ask the question, why do people get sick? More specifically, why is did my loved one get sick? Why did the whole family die from a sickness that only one family member obtained? These…

26. a. Females would be healthier in an area with malaria because they have two X chromosomes. The genetic mutation for favism is only passed on the X chromosomes, so because females have two, this means that in populations where the mutation is widespread, many females have a red blood supply that is half G6PD deficient and half normal. So, this gives females extra protection against malaria, while they also won’t have a dangerous reaction to fava beans. b. People of Mediterranean descent would…

When examining the leadership themes of following the established norms or being innovative, the practices within the medical field show both sides of this leadership style. When working with the human body in any type of environment, whether it is a lifesaving procedure after an automobile accident or a planned medical procedure within a medical facility, medical personnel follow established procedures. These established procedures based on evidence-based practices have proven beneficial to the…

raw milk, poultry and farm animals will be a risk factors for c. jejuni infection and antibiotic resistant infections. Aim 3: Determine if multidrug resistant phenotypes confer phenotypic advantages for c. jejuni, which would be associated with virulence characteristics such as, transmission, presentence, and…

Referred to as “a forgotten disease of a forgotten people” by Paul Emerson, Director of the Trachoma Control Program at the Carter Center in Atlanta, Georgia; trachoma is a hyperendemic of preventable blindness in the world. Trachoma is an ocular infection caused by intercellular parasite Chlamydia trachomatis. It thrives in dirty atmospheres with close proximities since the disease is spread by contact of infected eye and nose discharge through hands, towels and flies. Most of the risk…

strains capable of heterokaryosis via the fusion of somatic nuclei, and their interactions are the primary mode of genetic recombination in F. Oxysporum (Fourie et al. 2009). It has been postulated that heterokaryosis is the mechanism through which virulence is conferred. To shed insight on these speculations, Fourie et al. compiled even more comprehensive phylogenetic trees using the same loci from O’donnell et al.’s studies, in addition to another rRNA locus and a mitochondrial DNA locus, for…

In a perfect world, evolution would vote against all of the disease and harmful genes that ever existed in humans and other life-forms. After millions of years of selective processes geared toward survival, why is surviving still such a struggle? Dr. Sharon Moalem’s Survival of the Sickest deals entirely with the study of evolution and a variety of theories related to how humans, genes, microbes, viruses, and animals have evolved to survive through mutation and natural selection. Each chapter…

show no unique characteristics which suggests that perceived increase in virulence during the second pandemic is not due to a phenotypical change. Thus, other external factors like the environment, vector of infection, and susceptibility of hosts must account for the rapid and widespread…