Gastroenteritis

Noroviruses (NoV) are important human pathogens and a major public health threat. Noroviruses are non-enveloped, single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses that cause acute gastroenteritis in humans (1-4). Noroviruses have been referred to as ‘cruise ship viruses’ from well-publicized cruise ship outbreaks although these outbreaks account for less than 1% of all outbreaks worldwide (5). The symptoms and illness associated with Norovirus infections is often referred to as ‘stomach flu’, despite little resemblance to the influenza virus. Noroviruses are responsible for 21 million infections and over 70,000 hospitalizations annually in the USA, and account for 10-15% of severe cases of gastroenteritis in children less than 5 years old (6). In…

Many cases are reported every year about the patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis and also about the patients with eosinophilic gastroenteritis with focal infiltration of a particular organ of the gastrointestinal tract from all over the world in literature. However, involvement of multiple organs with eosinophilia is rarely reported. Elevations in the levels of peripheral blood and tissue eosinophils can be seen in a multitude of disease processes that include infections, allergies,…

Specific Aims: Campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) is a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium. It is the leading cause of bacterial caused gastroenteritis in the world. Campylobacter jejuni infection is generally self-limiting, however it can result in more severe disease such as extra-intestinal infections. It has also been seen as a cause of acute auto-immune disorders such as Guillen-barre, Miller-Fisher syndrome and refractory arthritis.1 Antibiotic resistance can complicate treatment and…

having for a long time . CLINICAL MANIFESTATION The symptoms of E.Coli infections can be really minor but sometimes it can get extreme . The E.coli symptoms are a lot for example : Bloody diarrhea, minor abdominal pain , vomiting and high fever etc . Sometimes Gastrointestinal complications can cause E.coli infection to actually include irritable bowel syndrome , ischemic colitis ,appendicitis and so many much more diseases.E.Coli that causes…

• As a rough guide, drink at least 200 mls after each watery stool (bout of diarrhoea). • This extra fluid is in addition to what you would normally drink. For example, an adult will normally drink about two litres a day but more in hot countries. The '200 mls after each watery stool' is in addition to this usual amount that you would drink. • If you are sick (vomit), wait 5-10 minutes and then start drinking again but more slowly. For example, a sip every 2-3 minutes but making sure that your…

1995–1996 (US95/96 strain), 2002 (Farmington Hills strain), 2004 (Hunter strain), and 2006 (Minerva/2006b and Laurens/2006a strains). These GII.4 variations spread quickly and all around and are thought to represent 70–80% of all norovirus episodes in any event since 2002. A late review shows that GII.4 strains connected with serious ailment were circling as ahead of schedule as 1974, and that the hereditary strain in all probability rose in the 1960s. It is hazy why the GII.4 norovirus strains…

On July 11, the Texas Department of Health in Austin were notified by a couple of south-central university students of having nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea symptoms. With the concern of a possible outbreak, epidemiologists contacted the local emergency room to discover that within the last 24 hours, 23 university students has gone through the emergency room with gastroenteritis symptoms. With the normal expectancy being 3 cases within a 5 day frame, epidemiologists can agree that there was…

microorganisms, chemicals, and heavy metals can cause foodborne maladies. These agents are responsible for over 200 different foodborne diseases. In the United States alone, foodborne diseases cause an estimated 48 million illnesses and 128,000 hospitalizations every year. In addition, they account for an estimated 3,000 deaths annually.” (Food Safety) This is very alarming. This says that the U.S. system for food safety is flawed; but on the other hand the U.S. has one of the safest food…

E. coli is an acronym for the word Escherichia Coli, it is a bacterium commonly found in the lower intestine of warm blooded organisms which causes strain, and usually severe food poisoning as well. You can become infected by coming into contact with human or animal faeces which happens when you drink water or eat something that has been contaminated. Symptoms can range from small pains such as a fever to more severe pains like kidney failures. Some symptoms are…

Foodborne Pathogens In our homes, we have the possibility of eating foods that may be contaminated with a variety of different foodborne pathogens. A foodborne pathogen is any illness resulting from contaminated food due to pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasites, and natural or chemical toxins. There are many types of foodborne pathogens, growth of pathogens due to improper food preparation, and there are a variety of habits you can change to prevent foodborne illness. First, there are…