Type theory

What’s the relationship between theories and the world to which theories meant to apply? Are there ultimate truth which can be obtained through a series of scientific validation and falsification? Is critical relativism appropriate for scientific research (marketing or consumer research in particular)? Those are some critical questions raised by this week’s readings that centered on the topic of rationality and relativism. Several authors provide different insights on answering those above…

different activities in the early years’ curriculum. Penny Tassoni (2007) The features that make up the theory include, making up playing rules, having first-hand experience, playing together, pretending, having personal agenda, making props and deep involvement, among others. She believes that children learn a variety of experience which she calls the ‘web of learning’. I agree with Tina Bruce’s theory as I like her way of thinking about how the children learn and she uses the holistic…

and Ontology The research will be based on the paradigm of scientific realism, according to which the only reliable means of achieving knowledge about the world is scientific research, the result of which is interpreted with the help of scientific theories. This approach will explain the causal relationship between ineffectiveness of rehabilitative justice and possible causes of it. Epistemology in the research is positivism. Crowther-Dowey and Fussey (2013, p.40) claim that ‘in criminology,…

(Page 72). In contrast, Sigmund Freud believes that dreams are obviously basic while others are symbolic. A theory known as Random activation theory, or RAT, is based on the idea that the brain has serious work to do at night, especially during REM sleep. It is here that the brain accumulates information and projects that information as dreams. These separate ideas enhance Gottschall’s theory that one universal explanation does not exist. This can be seen throughout the various cultures around…

divisions. Reiss (2015) argues that a theory of evidence should be informative about how to gather evidence and when to be justified in believing a hypothesis on the basis of evidence in non-ideal scenarios as well as ideal ones. He puts forward four desiderata for a theory of evidence. It should: (1) be a theory of support; (2) be a theory of warrant; (3) apply to non-ideal scenarios; and (4) be descriptively adequate. While (1) requires that a theory of evidence explain the role of…

The four theoretical contributions have been analyzed in detail in our Textbook `Organizational theory `.These contributions are starting from the relatively simple Scientific Management (Taylor) and Administrative theory (Fayol) to the more complex ones Bureaucracy and Organizational Structure (Weber) and Administrative Behavior (Simon). The scientific management is the most logical approach which is based on clear calculation; the work process itself was in focus and trough the method the…

are many excellent classical theories of play, one of the most intriguing was introduced by the German philosopher and psychologist Karl Gross. He was responsible for developing a theory of play that rivaled that of early philosophers even those as far back as Aristotle, when he introduced the Practice or Pre-exercise theory. Gross’s theory of play is considered a rebuttal by many to the ideals of another classical theory of play The Surplus Energy Theory that was theory made famous by German…

This perspective makes perfect sense, especially with the types of people he works with. It is certainly true that a large portion of drug addicts did have traumatic childhoods. He even explains why well loved and well cared for children later turn to addiction. His explanation mainly has to do with stress, whether…

In this theory, Sherif explores how intergroup conflict as a result for competition for resources, impacts on workforce diversity. The principle conceptualization of this theory assumes that people are likely to be in conflict either individually or within the context of a group, when in competition for limited resources. Unlike other psychological and cognitive theories that explain individual and organizational behavior, the realist conflict theory does to rely on the structure…

When it comes to raising children we’ve all either heard of or have had personal experiences with ‘grandma’s’ way of doing things; the old-fashioned way. Like for instance, when I had my first child, rather than having her on an eating schedule (every 8 hours) like the doctor prescribed, my grandmother thought that every time my baby cried she was hungry and she demanded that I feed her; saying the doctors didn’t know what the heck they were talking about. Claiming that she should be porky and…