Timbuktu

Gretchen is David’s “friend.” The quote is from a book called Timbuktu by Paul Auster. Shortened from a longer quotation, it means that you should always leave the the world a little better than you found it. The impact you put on the world can be big or small as long as you leave it just a little bit better. I picked…

This is bad because Taghaza is a slave place with slaves working all day to mine salt. He probably did journey to this location to buy salt and slaves to work for him, and even if he didn't, he would have just went straight to cairo, going through Timbuktu and Takedda. The last document that shows his hajj wasn't just for religious reasons is document E,…

Africa is a continent with a diverse geography and human population. The people who lived in the sub Sahara Africa, which is located on the south, trade route fostered the development of a Kingdom centered on a gold trade. Agriculture moved south of the Nile Valley and across regions just south of the Sahara Dessert to West Africa which then moved southward. The Ancient Egyptians mainly controlled the south territory and Nile River, ships were not allowed to travelled freely. The Egyptians…

The class lectures and discussions in Cultural Anthropology have enhanced my observation of the past, present and future of the many nations of our tiny planet. The semester has left my little grey cells intoxicated with a deeper understanding of how the dynamics of culture continues to change the world. Here is my brief Etic view of the globalization of the African continent. The Afri people have endured many changes throughout its seven million year history. Over the course of time,…

West Africa is a poor, helpless region who is living in poverty. West Africa has poor education for those who can afford schooling. Slavery still continues today, as hundreds of people used as hard labor. The topography is beautiful, covering 85% of West Africa with deserts, semi-deserts, steppe, grasslands, forests, and rain forests. The government is a federal republic, and the states in the region is far away from each other and the religion revolves around the everyday lifestyle. Culture is…

Almoravid group who later was assumed by the Mandinka Empire has destroyed the Soninke kingdom. Mandinka Empire established a trade route that went back east through Djenne and Timbuktu between the 13th and 15th century. In the 15th century the kingdom of Songhai has asserted its independence to the east, allowing Djenne and Timbuktu to rise…

started to leave Africa. Also, civilization was being defined by including habits, defining everyone else’s on the outside, and traits. To the Romans’ eyes, this type of civilization was very “barbaric”. Africans were trying to claim that the KMT, Timbuktu, the Great Zimbabwe, etc. were apart of their racial contribution to the world. If it was a direct claim, no one could technically claim it. For example, the accomplishments of a couple Aksumites were claimed by all of the Ethiopians.…

Slaves in the civilization of Segu by Maryse Conde were treated inequitably than one can ever imagine. Slavery refers to a condition in which individuals are owned by others, who control were they live and what kinds of work they perform. However in Segu, slaves had engage in relationships when they’re told, they basically had no free will. It leaves the slaves impotent and hankering for death, because death to the slave is worth more than their life. Polygamy played a disturbing role on how…

Paul R. Williams and Christian Coster address blood antiquities and a culture of impunity- meaning freedom from punishment or injurious consequences. The past centuries and the decades that followed saw pillage, destruction, looting, faking and smuggling of invaluable excavated artifacts of “blood antiquities” into western markets from conflicted areas such as Iraq and Syria and its neighboring areas. In the recent past years, Isis destroyed in Iraq museum its precious work of art and destroyed…

What reasearch question(s) is/are the speaker(s) trying to address ? Why do these lootings and destructions occur ? Is this practice always intentional ? Is it understandable (but not necessary excusable) ? Is it an old and widespread practice practice ? What can be done save the human common heritage ? Who can do it ? What is nature of the data that she uses to address the questions ? Many different types of data are used by Dr. Rousseau : frescoes, journal articles recounting looting or…