The history of Mali goes back to 5000 BC, when the Neolithic human skeleton was found in the Sahara. Discovery of gold and slave trade made Djenne city a trade capital and a destiny for explorers and traders until the 11th century when the Soninke Muslims created a trading center. Soninke kingdom started to move the Trans-Saharan trade routes from the Djenne city on the Niger River valley to North Africa. Almoravid group who later was assumed by the Mandinka Empire has destroyed the Soninke kingdom. Mandinka Empire established a trade route that went back east through Djenne and Timbuktu between the 13th and 15th century. In the 15th century the kingdom of Songhai has asserted its independence to the east, allowing Djenne and Timbuktu to rise
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Mali’s eastern border is Niger, Southeast Burkina Faso, South Ivory Coast, Southwest Guinea, and from the Senegal and Mauritania from the west. The size of the country estimated at 1,240,192 square kilometers. Approximately 65 percent of Mali is covered with desert or semi-desert, excluding the inland delta that created by the Niger River from the northern east of Mali is coming from Guinea and turning back south to empty into the Gulf of Guinea. There are three distinct territories that split the country, desert zone in the north, semi-desert in the central zone, and the cultivated Sudanese zone in the south. Savanna in the south is the main terrain feature in Mali, and flat or high plateau in the north, there are some high elevation hills in the north that are up to 1,000 meters. The two biggest rivers in Mali are, The Niger River and the Senegal River. The Niger River is considered the main source of living for the population, because it is used for drinking, irrigation, source of food, and transportation. The lowest point is located on the Senegal River, which it sits at 23 meters, and the highest is Hombori Tondo sits at 1155 meters. Being mostly desert and semi-desert area, Mali is considered the hottest country in the world. The average temperature in April is 111.2 F it is nicknamed as “The pressure cooker of Africa” due to its extreme heat. Mali’s gifted with the amount of natural resources, diamonds, gold, kaolin, copper, bauxite, silver, uranium, and many more natural resources compensating for the desert terrain and helping the country’s economic
Mali’s eastern border is Niger, Southeast Burkina Faso, South Ivory Coast, Southwest Guinea, and from the Senegal and Mauritania from the west. The size of the country estimated at 1,240,192 square kilometers. Approximately 65 percent of Mali is covered with desert or semi-desert, excluding the inland delta that created by the Niger River from the northern east of Mali is coming from Guinea and turning back south to empty into the Gulf of Guinea. There are three distinct territories that split the country, desert zone in the north, semi-desert in the central zone, and the cultivated Sudanese zone in the south. Savanna in the south is the main terrain feature in Mali, and flat or high plateau in the north, there are some high elevation hills in the north that are up to 1,000 meters. The two biggest rivers in Mali are, The Niger River and the Senegal River. The Niger River is considered the main source of living for the population, because it is used for drinking, irrigation, source of food, and transportation. The lowest point is located on the Senegal River, which it sits at 23 meters, and the highest is Hombori Tondo sits at 1155 meters. Being mostly desert and semi-desert area, Mali is considered the hottest country in the world. The average temperature in April is 111.2 F it is nicknamed as “The pressure cooker of Africa” due to its extreme heat. Mali’s gifted with the amount of natural resources, diamonds, gold, kaolin, copper, bauxite, silver, uranium, and many more natural resources compensating for the desert terrain and helping the country’s economic