Summary offence

The rights of young offenders provide several challenges for the criminal justice system, as an effective outcome must reflect society’s belief that the welfare of children is paramount, as outlined by the Convention of the Rights of the Child (1989/90). However, this must be balanced with the need for young people to be held accountable for their actions, so there are no injustices for the victims or society. The criminal justice system attempts to ensure effective outcomes for young people…

reason might explain why prison corruption and abuse thrives. Survey conducted by Stohr, Hemmens, Kifer, & Schoeler, (2000), showed that the jail and female correctional staff were more likely to score higher on the possible responses on the ethics summary variable. The lesser scores for prison staff may be…

detain someone for four hours (or longer if they are intoxicated) if they reasonably believe the person has committed, or is about to commit, an ‘infringement notice offence’ . The new notion of, infringement notice offences, refers to specific offences under the summary offences Act, the Liquor Act, and the Misuse of Drugs Act. The offences that can be dealt with range from, offensive conduct and public disorderly and drunken behavior,…

If yes then the reverse burden is more easily justifiable. Lord Steyn in Lambert noted that the difference between elements of offence and defense are sometimes just a matter of drafting technique and went on to state that substance is the issue to be focused on, in preference . In Attorney General’s Reference (No. 4 of 2002) the defendant was accused of membership of a proscribed…

Envision yourself as a fourteen-year-old sitting in a secluded prison for merely disregarding your C-train ticket once in your life. Before the Youth Criminal Justice Act, unreasonable consequences were thrown at you after only committing a minor offence by accident. That’s how important the Youth Criminal Justice Act is; it addresses youth crime in a fair and equitable manner. Since the introduction of the Youth Criminal Justice Act in 2003, we have seen the youth crime rate lower, youth are…

Act, 1992 for orders in connection with noise reduction” (District Court, 2014). Civil courts at this level deal with claims that do not exceed €15,000 (District Court, 2014). Criminal courts deal with summary offences, indictable offences tried summarily, indictable offences, and indictable offences not tried summarily (District Court, 2014). Family Law is not dealt with in open court but consists of domestic violence, guardianship of children, maintenance, and childcare (District Court, 2014).…

Although it is unlikely one would would be arrested for being suspected or simply saying they are gay, being caught in this act is punishable under the law. Same sex “activities”are a punishable offence with fines or up to seven years in prison if men are caught in these activities. There are no laws to apply if females are found in these activities. There is no recognition for same sex couples and no allowance for LGBT persons to adopt children…

these findings, Morris illustrates a postcolonial society with an increased “need for police powers of intervention, regulation and control of public order offences” (p.74). This was powered through the reintroduction of the Summary Offences Act 1970 (NSW) which invested “police with greater discretionary powers of arrest over public order offences” (p.75). Previous existing laws such as the Aborigines Protection (Amendment) Act 1940 – a restrictive act which banned Aborigines from drinking…

Summary B.C’s controversial automatic roadside prohibition (ARP) scheme – the toughest drinking and driving law in the country – has been largely upheld in a recent decision by the Supreme Court of Canada. Introduced in 2010, the ARP scheme involved efforts to remove impaired drivers from B.C’s roads through the use of license suspensions, financial penalties and remedial programs. The scheme necessitates roadside checks and analysis of drivers’ breath samples using an approved screening device…

omnibus bill that introduced many new mandatory minimum sentences (cbc,2012). As part of Harpers tough on crime agenda, the bill introduced mandatory minimum sentences for crimes such as drug trafficking, child exploitation and some other violent offences(cbc,2012).In accordance to their tough on crime agenda, the harper government has introduced so many new mandatory minimums sentence, to the point that we now have the second most mandatory minimum sentences in the world, second to the…